Early mortality and a high prevalence of chronic health conditions are well-recognized consequences of cancer therapy, particularly in children. The Institute of Medicine has specified the need for lifelong, risk-based health care for survivors of cancer based on the premise that appropriate screening and knowledge can mitigate risk and enhance quality of life. The institute has recommended that such programs offer surveillance, prevention, and treatment of late effects. 1 An important component of this is the recommendation that cancer treatment summaries be prepared for patients at the completion of therapy.Ford et al 2 queried adult survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 at 10 institutions with robust survivorship programs about the use of cancer-directed health care in the prior 2 years and the intention to use such care in the next 2 years. Participating patients were older at evaluation, were more educated, had a greater representation of females and non-Hispanic whites, and were more likely to have health insurance than nonparticipants. Because only 975 of 1600 (60.6%) opted to participate in the survey, the results could have been affected by the limited cohort. Bias in such a cohort would be expected to result in more users of medical services than nonusers. Despite this, nearly three-quarters of the respondents had not had a cancer-related health care visit in the preceding 2 years, and only 41% claimed to be planning such a visit in the next 2 years. An earlier study from the Children's Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) showed that only 31.5% of patients who participated in the CCSS reported survivor-focused care. 3 Because of the importance of survivorship care, these numbers suggest a concerning lack of recognition in the population at risk of the need or potential benefit of such care. Several studies that address why patients do not participate in survivorship care, which is now defined as lifelong, risk-based health care for survivors of cancer, note the impact of the fear of recurrent disease, life responsibilities, and not perceiving a need, which is perhaps most critical. 4,5 Focus groups of survivors who recently completed therapy or had disengaged in follow-up care after an attempted transition also noted a need to support the transition process itself by considering developmental factors that affect the transition, by enhancing communication between patients and providers, and by incorporating digital health tools. 6 New programs for pediatric cancer survivors find themselves addressing critical issues of barriers to or facilitators of care when patients fail to access this care. Often, it is those in continuous care since diagnosis who use programs for cancer survivorship care. Ford et al 2 found that those having had a recent visit for care were patients who had moderate to life-threatening chronic health conditions, confidence in physicians, and a cancer treatment summary. All could be considered direct evidence of ongoing involvement in the medical system. With the evol...