Shared Genetic Control of Root System Architecture between <i>Zea mays</i> and <i>Sorghum bicolor</i>

Zheng, Zihao; Hey, Stefan; Jubery, Talukder Z.; Liu, Huyu; Yu, Yang; Coffey, Lisa; Miao, Chenyong; Sigmon, Brandi; Schnable, James C.; Hochholdinger, Frank; Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar; Schnable, Patrick S.

doi:10.1104/pp.19.00752

Cited by 62 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Among other methods, mapping root intersection in a soil profile by the trench profile method was identified to be more efficient and feasible to provide information on roots distribution [32,35,36]. Despite tremendous progress performed in genetic characterization of root development [37], root system architecture phenotyping remains challenging particularly in field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation Responses to Early Drought Stress of West Africa Sorghum Varieties

et al. 2021

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Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop world-wide and feeds millions of people in the Sahel. However, it often faces early-stage water deficit due to false onsets of rainy seasons resulting in production decrease. Therefore, developing early drought tolerant material becomes a necessity but requires a good knowledge of adaptation mechanisms, which remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed at assessing the effects of early drought stress on ten elite sorghum varieties tested over two years (2018–2019) at the National Agronomic Research Centre (CNRA) of Bambey (Senegal, West Africa). Two different water regimes (well-watered and drought stress) were applied during the dry season. Water stress was applied by withholding irrigation 25 days after sowing for one month, followed by optimal irrigation until maturity. Soil moisture measurements were performed and allowed to follow the level of stress (down to a fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) of 0.30 at the end of stress). An agro-physio-morphological monitoring was carried out during the experiment. Results showed highly significant effects of early drought stress in sorghum plants growth by decreasing leaf appearance, biomass, height but also yield set up. The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between varieties in the different environments for most characters. Under water deficit, the variability was less strong on leaf appearance and plant height at the end of stress. The adaptation responses were related to the capacity of varieties to grow up fast and complete their cycle rather, increase the dead leaves weight, reduce photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and increase the roots length density. However, varieties V1, V2, V8 and V9 showed promising behavior under stress and could be suitable for further application in West Africa for sorghum breeding and farming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation Responses to Early Drought Stress of West Africa Sorghum Varieties

et al. 2021

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“…These results indicated that these root traits shared a similar regulation mechanism. We also compared our results with the other root GWAS studies both in hydroponics and field, but ZmCKX5 was not picked up by previous GWAS [ 18 , 19 ]. This indicates the complexity of the root regulation mechanism to some extent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Association analysis is an effective way to analyze the genetic mechanism of complex traits. This research option has been applied to investigate root development in maize [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. To investigate the natural variation of ZmCKX genes, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ten CKX genes were filtered from a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) dataset in 285 inbred lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Variation and Domestication Selection of ZmCKX5 with Root Morphological Traits at the Seedling Stage in Maize

Wang

Sun

Xia

et al. 2020

Plants

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Root system architecture plays a crucial role in water and nutrient acquisition in maize. Cytokinins, which can be irreversibly degraded by the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), are important hormones that regulate root development in plants. In this study, ZmCKX5 was resequenced in 285 inbred lines, 68 landraces, and 32 teosintes to identify the significant variants associated with root traits in maize. Sequence polymorphisms and nucleotide diversity revealed that ZmCKX5 might be selected during domestication and improvement processes. Marker–trait association analysis in inbred lines identified 12 variants of ZmCKX5 that were significantly associated with six root traits, including seed root number (SRN), lateral root length (LRL), total root area (RA), root length in 0 to 0.5 mm diameter class (RL005), total root volume (RV), and total root length (TRL). SNP-1195 explained the most (6.01%) phenotypic variation of SRN, and the frequency of this allele G increased from 6.25% and 1.47% in teosintes and landraces, respectively, to 17.39% in inbred lines. Another significant variant, SNP-1406, with a pleiotropic effect, is strongly associated with five root traits, with the frequency of T allele increased from 25.00% and 23.73% in teosintes and landraces, respectively, to 35.00% in inbred lines. These results indicate that ZmCKX5 may be involved in the development of the maize root system and that the significant variants can be used to develop functional markers to accelerate the improvement in the maize root system.

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“…Several studies have found an association between drought tolerance and metaxylem vessel number (de Souza et al, 2013;Klein et al, 2020) or metaxylem vessel area (Richards and Passioura, 1989;Abd Allah et al, avoid false positives and isolate the true loci with significant causal effects on phenotype. One method to increase robustness of an associative mapping study is by conducting a comparative multispecies GWAS, which has the potential to enhance our understanding of shared genetic architectures among species (Chen et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2020). Although maize and rice are different in many respects (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these differences, shared genetic machinery underlying xylem development is likely, as is the case for example for the cellulose synthase A (CesA) gene family, which is present in all seed plants (Richmond and Somerville, 2000). Furthermore, comparisons between maize and closely related species have found shared genetic architecture influencing sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) root architecture (Zheng et al, 2020) and rice ( Oryza sativa ) grain development (Chen et al, 2016). These studies suggest there is a high likelihood that the genetic machinery regulating other developmental processes, like xylem development, may be conserved within monocots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared genetic architecture underlying root metaxylem phenotypes under drought stress in cereals

Klein

Reeger

Kaeppler

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Root metaxylem are phenotypically diverse structures whose function is related to their anatomy, particularly under drought stress. Much research has dissected the genetic machinery underlying metaxylem phenotypes in dicots, but monocots are relatively unexplored. In maize (Zea mays), a robust pipeline integrated a GWAS of root metaxylem phenes under well-watered and water stress conditions with a gene co-expression network to identify candidate genes most likely to impact metaxylem phenotypes. We identified several promising candidate genes in 14 gene co-expression modules inferred to be functionally relevant to xylem development. We also identified five gene candidates that co-localized in multiple root metaxylem phenes in both well-watered and water stress conditions. Using a rice GWAS conducted in parallel, we detected overlapping genetic architecture influencing root metaxylem phenotypes by identifying eight pairs of syntenic candidate genes significantly associated with metaxylem phenes. There is evidence that the genes of these syntenic pairs may be involved in biosynthetic processes related to the cell wall, hormone signaling, oxidative stress responses, and drought responses. Our study demonstrates a powerful new strategy for identifying promising gene candidates and suggests several gene candidates that may enhance our understanding of vascular development and responses to drought in cereals.

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Shared Genetic Control of Root System Architecture between Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor

Cited by 62 publications

References 106 publications

Adaptation Responses to Early Drought Stress of West Africa Sorghum Varieties

Adaptation Responses to Early Drought Stress of West Africa Sorghum Varieties

Natural Variation and Domestication Selection of ZmCKX5 with Root Morphological Traits at the Seedling Stage in Maize

Shared genetic architecture underlying root metaxylem phenotypes under drought stress in cereals

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