Shared Lifetimes, Multigenerational Exposure, and Educational Mobility

Song, Xi; Mare, Robert D.

doi:10.1007/s13524-019-00772-8

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Ignoring parents' and offspring' life cycles in the estimation of intergenerational association may lead to "life-cycle bias" (Mazumder 2005;Haider and Solon 2006). Furthermore, shared lifetimes, namely years during which two or more generations overlap, often vary across families and may predict the cumulative amount of influence from one generation to another (Song and Mare 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach

Song

2020

Sociological Methodology

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Most social mobility studies take a two-generation perspective, in which intergenerational relationships are represented by the association between parents’ and offspring’s socioeconomic status. This approach, although widely adopted in the literature, has serious limitations when more than two generations of families are considered. In particular, it ignores the role of families’ demographic behaviors in moderating mobility outcomes and the joint role of mobility and demography in shaping long-run family and population processes. This article provides a demographic approach to the study of multigenerational social mobility, incorporating demographic mechanisms of births, deaths, and mating into statistical models of social mobility. Compared with previous mobility models for estimating the probability of offspring’s mobility conditional on parent’s social class, the proposed joint demography-mobility model treats the number of offspring in various social classes as the outcome of interest. This new approach shows the extent to which demographic processes may amplify or dampen the effects of family socioeconomic positions because of the direction and strength of the interaction between mobility and differentials in demographic behaviors. The author illustrates various demographic methods for studying multigenerational mobility with empirical examples using the IPUMS linked historical U.S. census representative samples (1850–1930), the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968–2015), and simulation data that show other possible scenarios resulting from demography-mobility interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach

Song

2020

Sociological Methodology

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“…A number of social demographic studies have reported that the prevalence and relevance of grandparenthood are increasing, as growing numbers of grandparents are taking on more active roles in raising their grandchildren (Fuller-Thomson, 2005;Kopera-Frye, 2009;Hayslip, Fruhauf, & Dolbin-MacNab, 2019). The availability of grandparents, and especially of maternal grandmothers, can improve the survival of children (Sear & Mace, 2008;Sear & Coall, 2011), and their educational attainment (Song & Mare, 2019). However, it has been argued that caring for grandchildren can negatively affect the physical and mental health and general well-being of grandparents (Neely- Barnes, Carolyn Graff, & Washington, 2010;Musil et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Double Burden Of Care and Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing studies on this topic have noted that the overlap between grandparents and grandchildren is expected to increase in countries of the Global North (Margolis & Verdery, 2019;Margolis & Wright, 2017;Song & Mare, 2019). To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has estimated the global prevalence of grandsandwichness.…”

Section: Sandwichness As An Intergenerational Demographic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Sandwich Generation” revisited: global demographic drivers of care time demands

Alburez-Gutiérrez¹,

Mason²,

Zagheni³

2020

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Generational overlap affects the care time demands on parents and grandparents worldwide. Here, we present the first global estimates of the experience of simultaneously having frail older parents and young children ("sandwichness") or young grandchildren ("grandsandwichness") for the 1970-2040 cohorts using demographic methods and microsimulations. We find that sandwichness is more prevalent in the Global South-e.g. people born in 1970 in Sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely to be sandwiched as Europeans-but is expected to decline globally by one-third between 1970 and 2040. The Global North might have reached a peak in the simultaneous care time demands from multiple generations but the duration of the grandsandwich state will increase by up to one year in Africa and Asia. This increasing generational overlap implies more care time demands over the entire adult life course but also opens up the opportunity for the full potential of grandparenthood to materialize.

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“…Kinship networks provide pathways for all kinds of intergenerational support. Parentchild and grandparent-grandchild interactions are obviously important; Song and Mare (2019) have emphasized the importance of multigenerational exposures. On a larger scale, Kramer (2019) argues that the human life history, characterized by earlier wean-ing and shorter birth intervals than is the case in other primates, results in larger kinship groups and that the resulting inter-generational support and transfer of resources among relatives has played a major role in the demographic success of humans as a species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formal demography of kinship II: Multistate models, parity, and sibship

Caswell¹

2020

DemRes

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Multistate kinship calculations 4.1 Projecting the kin populations 4.2 The core kinship network 4.2.1 The dynamics of Focal 4.2.2 Daughters of Focal 4.2.3 The mother of Focal 4.2.4 Older sisters of Focal 4.2.5 Younger sisters of Focal 4.3 From the core kin to the rest of the kinship network 5 Multistate kinship: Age and parity 5.1 Age and parity: matrix construction 5.2 Age and parity: initial conditions 6 A case study: age and parity in Slovakia 6.1 Age×parity structure 6.2 Parity structure over time 6.3 Parity structure by age of Focal 6.4 Parity distribution by age of Focal 7 Sibship size from parity 8 Discussion 9 Acknowledgments References Appendix: Derivation of the multistate kinship equations

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Shared Lifetimes, Multigenerational Exposure, and Educational Mobility

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach

Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach

The “Sandwich Generation” revisited: global demographic drivers of care time demands

The formal demography of kinship II: Multistate models, parity, and sibship

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