Shared Neural Markers of Decision Confidence and Error Detection

Boldt, Annika; Yeung, Nick

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0797-14.2015

Cited by 259 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Falkenstein et al, 2000;Holroyd and Coles, 2002;Endrass et al, 2005;Overbeek et al, 2005;O'Connell et al, 2007;Vocat et al, 2008;Shalgi et al, 2009). Toward resolving this debate, recent evidence using signaldetection modeling has shown that whereas the Pe is sensitive to one's subjective criteria for a perceptual decision and confidence in the decision made, the ERN is not (Steinhauser and Yeung, 2010;Boldt and Yeung, 2015). As such, our results expand on this behavioral dissociation in two critical ways.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Hajcak and Foti, 2008;Hobson et al, 2014), but is more strongly associated with an initial, somewhat automatic or implicit monitoring of the error (e.g., Gehring et al, 1993;Falkenstein et al, 2000;Endrass et al, 2005;Overbeek et al, 2005). Some have argued that it is only a precursor to the Pe, which is believed to reflect a more overt awareness and evaluative analysis of the error (e.g., Overbeek et al, 2005;Steinhauser and Yeung, 2010;Boldt and Yeung, 2015). For instance, awareness of an error is often uniquely predicted by the Pe and task salience relates to Pe magnitude, while the ERN is triggered by both aware and unaware errors (Endrass et al, 2005;Overbeek et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acetaminophen attenuates error evaluation in cortex

Randles

Kam

Heine

et al. 2016

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Acetaminophen has recently been recognized as having impacts that extend into the affective domain. In particular, double blind placebo controlled trials have revealed that acetaminophen reduces the magnitude of reactivity to social rejection, frustration, dissonance and to both negatively and positively valenced attitude objects. Given this diversity of consequences, it has been proposed that the psychological effects of acetaminophen may reflect a widespread blunting of evaluative processing. We tested this hypothesis using event-related potentials (ERPs). Sixty-two participants received acetaminophen or a placebo in a double-blind protocol and completed the Go/NoGo task. Participants' ERPs were observed following errors on the Go/NoGo task, in particular the error-related negativity (ERN; measured at FCz) and error-related positivity (Pe; measured at Pz and CPz). Results show that acetaminophen inhibits the Pe, but not the ERN, and the magnitude of an individual's Pe correlates positively with omission errors, partially mediating the effects of acetaminophen on the error rate. These results suggest that recently documented affective blunting caused by acetaminophen may best be described as an inhibition of evaluative processing. They also contribute to the growing work suggesting that the Pe is more strongly associated with conscious awareness of errors relative to the ERN.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetaminophen attenuates error evaluation in cortex

Randles

Kam

Heine

et al. 2016

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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show abstract

“…No such effect was seen in low-alexithymic participants. It has been recently suggested that parietal positivity in this time range is a marker of decision confidence (Boldt & Yeung, 2015). Thus, when adopting the emotional task set, highly alexithymic participants might have been less confident of their responses, irrespective of whether or not these were correct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error monitoring is related to processing internal affective states

Maier

Scarpazza

Starita

et al. 2016

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Detecting behavioral errors is critical for optimizing performance. Here, we tested whether error monitoring is enhanced in emotional task contexts, and whether this enhancement depends on processing internal affective states. Event-related potentials were recorded in individuals with low and high levels of alexithymia-that is, individuals with difficulties identifying and describing their feelings. We administered a face word Stroop paradigm (Egner, Etkin, Gale, & Hirsch, 2008) in which the task was to classify emotional faces either with respect to their expression (happy or fearful; emotional task set) or with respect to their gender (female or male; neutral task set). The error-related negativity, a marker of rapid error monitoring, was enhanced in individuals with low alexithymia when they adopted the emotional task set. By contrast, individuals with high alexithymia did not show such an enhancement. Moreover, in the high-alexithymia group, the difference in the error-related negativities between the emotional and neutral task sets correlated negatively with difficulties identifying their own feelings, as measured by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale. These results show that errormonitoring activity is stronger in emotional task contexts and that this enhancement depends on processing internal affective states.

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“…And indeed, confidence sometimes depends on the length of the inter-judgement interval; i.e., the amount of time between making a decision and giving a confidence rating on that decision [16]. In line with these observations, recent studies have suggested that post-decisional neural signals correlate with [18] and causally drive [19] confidence judgements.…”

Section: Biases In Post-decisional Processingmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In sharp contrast to this perspective, several more recent experiments have concluded that our sense of confidence is also determined by processes that occur well after we commit to a choice [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. This observation leads to several questions: What are the consequences of such post-decisional processing of confidence?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-decisional accounts of biases in confidence

Navajas

Bahrami

Latham

2016

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

103

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Most models of decision-making suggest that confidence, the "feeling of knowing" that accompanies our choices, is constructed as the decision unfolds. However, more recent studies have noted that processes occurring after we commit to a particular choice also affect this subjective belief. This leads to following question: when are we better judges of ourselves?If, after a decision, evidence continues to accumulate in an unbiased manner, then our confidence judgements should improve. Conversely, if post-decisional information processing is biased, our sense of confidence could be distorted, and so our confidence judgements should degrade with time. We briefly discuss recently proposed models of post-decisional evidence accumulation, and explore whether, and how, biases in confidence could arise. Highlights: Confidence in decision-making is often regarded as a process that is constructed during choice. Recent experimental findings suggest, however, that post-decisional processes modulate our sense of confidence. These processes can improve our confidence judgements, but also distort them if information processing is biased. We discuss models of decision-making that contemplate different biases in postdecisional processing. We explore possible explanations for the origin and function of these biases Acknowledgements: JN and BB

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Shared Neural Markers of Decision Confidence and Error Detection

Cited by 259 publications

References 25 publications

Acetaminophen attenuates error evaluation in cortex

Acetaminophen attenuates error evaluation in cortex

Error monitoring is related to processing internal affective states

Post-decisional accounts of biases in confidence

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