1996
DOI: 10.1159/000154345
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Sharing at the Major Histocompatibility Complex Affects the Secondary Sex Ratio in Differing Ways

Abstract: We analysed the effect of HLA loci on the secondary sex ratio, and investigated whether allele sharing between parents and between mother and child, or child homozygosity, affected the viability of male embryos, which are generally less resistant to unfavourable conditions during pregnancy. The sharing conditions at the B and DR loci showed significantly differing effects: HLA-B seemed to favour female births, while, in pregnancies subsequent to the first, HLA-DR seemed to favour male births. Both HLA-B and DR… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Zygote or embryo losses occur early because mothers do not register them as an abortion (Valenzuela et al, , 1984Valenzuela, 1985Valenzuela, , 1987Valenzuela, , 1996, and the analysis of waiting times after losses indicate that they occur before the third or fourth week post-fertilization. These genetic distortions were also found in relation to the HLA, and in ABO associated with ADA polymorphism (Ober et al, 1983;Astolfi et al, 1990Astolfi et al, , 1996Lucarini et al, 1995;Beydoun and Saftlas, 2005). In all these studies SM-ZE-TR was strongly associated with a large heterogeneity of the SR of newborns, filling the conceptual gap on biotic factors involved in the major SR heterogeneity (Shield et al, 1958;Valenzuela et al, 1980, 1981, Valenzuela, 1985, 1987, 1996Biggar et al, 1999).…”
Section: Tolerance-rejection Zygote-embryo-fetus-mother Processes Accmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Zygote or embryo losses occur early because mothers do not register them as an abortion (Valenzuela et al, , 1984Valenzuela, 1985Valenzuela, , 1987Valenzuela, , 1996, and the analysis of waiting times after losses indicate that they occur before the third or fourth week post-fertilization. These genetic distortions were also found in relation to the HLA, and in ABO associated with ADA polymorphism (Ober et al, 1983;Astolfi et al, 1990Astolfi et al, , 1996Lucarini et al, 1995;Beydoun and Saftlas, 2005). In all these studies SM-ZE-TR was strongly associated with a large heterogeneity of the SR of newborns, filling the conceptual gap on biotic factors involved in the major SR heterogeneity (Shield et al, 1958;Valenzuela et al, 1980, 1981, Valenzuela, 1985, 1987, 1996Biggar et al, 1999).…”
Section: Tolerance-rejection Zygote-embryo-fetus-mother Processes Accmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Some studies in humans investigated the compatibility at different HLA loci between mothers and infants and observed differences in the sex ratio assuming a different fetal loss in males and females. The results are heterogeneous and differ between HLA loci (Ober et al, 1987;Astolfi et al, 1990Astolfi et al, , 1996. In all of these studies, the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated.…”
Section: Evidence For Historical Selectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…El efecto Rh y el ABO fueron confirmados en muestras de Alemania, Australia, Inglaterra y Chile 23-25 y en todas ellas éste interactuaba con el SR [23][24][25][26] . La distorsión se encontró en el sistema HLA 27 interactuando con el SR [27][28][29][30] . Nuestro descubrimiento tiene aún una sola interpretación 25 : los cigotos, embriones o fetos que portan alelos (de algunos sistemas genéticos) desconocidos por su madre inducen mejor el embarazo y la tolerancia materna que aquellos que portan alelos iguales a los maternos; interpretación que llenó un vacío científico en la reproducción de los placentados 31 .…”
Section: N V E S T I G a C I ó Nunclassified
“…La única forma que, en los placentados, sistemas alélicos, que inducen rechazo en las madres que no tienen el alelo de sus concepciones, puedan subsistir en la población, es asociarse a un mecanismo de inducción de tolerancia para esos alelos o para sistemas alélicos asociados. La tolerancia materna puede ser por camuflaje de los alelos del embrión, por falta de inducción del rechazo materno (tolerancia per se), por cambio molecular antigénico por interacción génica o por otros mecanismos [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . Si las madres rechazan los embriones de fenotipos distintos a ellas, la población se hace homocigota y se esteriliza.…”
Section: N V E S T I G a C I ó Nunclassified