Sharing land with bears: Insights toward effective coexistence

Glikman, Jenny Anne; Frank, Béatrice; D'Amico, Daniela; Boitani, Luigi; Ciucci, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126421

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Additionally, habituation caused by food conditioning is reported for the area, which increases the risk of human-bear encounters (Ciucci & Boitani 2008;Forconi 2020). However, no attacks on humans are reported from Apennines in modern times (Ciucci & Boitani 2008;Benazzo et al 2017) and the bear seems tolerated by the majority of the population, although some people have the feeling that their life is restricted by bear protection (Glikman et al 2023).…”

Section: Human-bear Whc: Damage and Event Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an analysis based on different stakeholder's opinions is necessary, given that some classes (e.g., shepherds) may see the beard in a less positive way compared to other groups due to potential bear-related damages, as it already happens with the Apennine bears (Glikman et al 2023). This may also lead to potential proposals about management in the area (e.g., Marino et al 2021).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Communication activities organized with the direct involvement of the population is especially important, given that such involvement will increase the efficacy of this approach (Krofel et al, 2020). Furthermore, public involvement in bear management can help to make the population feel both safer and responsible toward bears (Majić et al 2011;Glikman et al 2023).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the population should be approached for reducing its fear of the bear (e.g., Johansson et al 2019); a fearful population may be prone to commit illegal killings, hindering conservation practices in the area (Tosi et al 2015), as it already happened in other European nations (Kaczensky et al 2011(Kaczensky et al , 2013 and in Italy, both in Central Alps in the past (Tosi et al, 2015;von Hardenberg 2017;Swenson et al, 2020;ISPRA-MIUR, 2021) and Apennines (Ciucci & Boitani 2008;Glickman et al 2023). Reducing the fear toward such animals would be a potential way to even have economic advantages, given that brown bears are potential tourist attractions and their value would cover the damage costs (Tattoni et al 2017), although this strategy has caveats associated with it (see Das & Chatterjee 2015) and it may not be perceived as a benefit by some stakeholders (Glikman et al 2023).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent human-bear conflicts in Northern Italy: a review, with considerations of future perspectives

Vivo¹

2023

Preprint

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The killing of a runner in Northern Italy by a brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) and the subsequent investigation of such matter highlighted a Human-Wildlife Conflict (HWC) that has been present in Trentino since the introduction of bears for conservation during the Life Ursus Project. Such conflict may be exacerbated as both human and bear populations get bigger. In this paper, I summarize the information we have about the WHC in Trentino, the attacks on humans and the legal procedures available.Several trends (e.g., increase of problematic bears) were already noticed and predicted in the past. The current legal instruments do not strictly define what a “dangerous bear” is, which lead to very subjective measures. Unless mitigation solutions are adopted (e.g., bear spray) or expanded (e.g., communication on the subject), WHC may disrupt the work done until now for bear conservation in the Italian Alps, due to a negative perception from the local population, which seems to be amplified by local politicians.

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Section: Human-bear Whc: Damage and Event Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent human-bear conflicts in Northern Italy: a review, with considerations of future perspectives

Vivo¹

2023

Preprint

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Determining the distribution factors of an endangered large carnivore: A case study of the brown bear Ursus arctos population in the Central Zagros Mountains, Southwest Iran

Ashrafzadeh,

Shahbazinasab,

Mohammadi

et al. 2023

Global Ecology and Conservation

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Conflicts between large carnivores and farmers/beekeepers in the Ukrainian Carpathians: Structure, dynamics, spatial distribution and effective coexistence measures

Cherepanyn,

Zelenchuk,

Yamelynets

et al. 2024

Biosys. divers.

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Conflicts between large сarnivores and humans have been common in mountainous regions, with the Carpathians being particularly affected. Recently, interest among researchers and wildlife managers in studying and managing these conflicts has grown significantly. Unfortunately, the coexistence between humans and wildlife and its implications for nature and society have been largely overlooked in Ukraine. This study analyzed conflicts between large carnivores (Canis lupus, Ursus arctos and Lynx lynx) and farmers/beekeepers within designated model territories in the Ukrainian Carpathians, focusing on the effectiveness of conflict prevention strategies implemented between 2018 and 2023. Among the stakeholders analyzed, 79.0% were farmers (livestock owners) and 21.0% were beekeepers. It was observed that 73.0% of farms and apiaries experienced conflicts with large carnivores during the study period; incidents included 64.8% with wolf attacks, 31.3% with bear attacks, and 24.2% with lynx attacks. Notably, conflicts involving livestock owners and large carnivores decreased nearly fivefold, from 54.9% in 2018 to 11.0% in 2023. Similarly, bear-related conflicts among beekeepers nearly halved, from 29.2% to 16.8%. The adoption of electric fences significantly increased among farms and apiaries from none to 33.9%, and the proportion of farmers using dogs for livestock protection without experiencing large carnivore conflicts rose from 3.3% to 20.9%. These pilot findings highlight the effectiveness of such measures in reducing conflicts and improving coexistence quality. The results provide valuable insights into the structure, dynamics, and spatial distribution of conflicts in the Ukrainian Carpathians, underscoring their importance for the conservation of rare species and the implementation of effective management strategies for wild animal populations, sustainable farming, and habitat conservation in regions inhabited by large carnivores. An integrated approach that considers the needs of both human communities and wildlife, involving collaboration among scientific bodies, public organizations, and government entities at various levels, is crucial for devising and executing effective conflict management strategies in diverse landscapes.

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Sharing land with bears: Insights toward effective coexistence

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Recent human-bear conflicts in Northern Italy: a review, with considerations of future perspectives

Recent human-bear conflicts in Northern Italy: a review, with considerations of future perspectives

Determining the distribution factors of an endangered large carnivore: A case study of the brown bear Ursus arctos population in the Central Zagros Mountains, Southwest Iran

Conflicts between large carnivores and farmers/beekeepers in the Ukrainian Carpathians: Structure, dynamics, spatial distribution and effective coexistence measures

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