In the recent years, there has been a lot of interest in fractional diffusion and fractional evolution problems. The spectral theory on the S‐spectrum turned out to be an important tool to define new fractional diffusion operators stating from the Fourier law for nonhomogeneous materials. Precisely, let eℓ, eℓ=1,2,3 be orthogonal unit vectors in
R3 and let
normalΩ⊂R3 be a bounded open set with smooth boundary ∂Ω. Denoting by
x_ a point in Ω, the heat equation is obtained replacing the Fourier law given by
T=axtrue_∂xe1+bxtrue_∂ye2+cxtrue_∂ze3
into the conservation of energy law. In this paper, we investigate the structure of the fractional powers of the vector operator T, with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Recently, we have found sufficient conditions on the coefficients a, b,
c:normalΩ→double-struckR such that the fractional powers of T exist in the sense of the S‐spectrum approach. In this paper, we show that under a different set of conditions on the coefficients a, b, c, the fractional powers of T have a different structure.