Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19

Bhala, Neeraj; Curry, Gwenetta; Martineau, Adrian R.; Agyemang, Charles; Bhopal, Raj

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31102-8

Cited by 239 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The biggest impacts on population health come from (a) environments outside of an individual’s control (e.g. threats from others, such as pollution or violence), (b) education and employment, and (c) economic inequality, influencing access to warm and safe housing, high quality water and nutrition, transport, and safe and healthy environments (Solar and Urwin 2010 , p. 6; Bhala et al 2020 ). In that context, COVID-19 highlights stark examples of inequalities in relation to:…”

Section: Multiple Perspectives On Uk Government Covid-19 Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

The UK government’s COVID-19 policy: assessing evidence-informed policy analysis in real time

Cairney

2020

Br Polit

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In March 2020, COVID-19 prompted policy change in the UK at a speed and scale only seen during wartime. Throughout, UK government ministers emphasised their reliance on science and expertise to make the right choices at the right time, while their critics argued that ministers ignored key evidence and acted too little too late. Lessons from this debate should have a profound effect on future action, but only if based on a systematic analysis of policymaking as the problem emerged in real time. We should not confuse hindsight with foresight . To that end, I combine insights from policy analysis guides, policy theories, and critical policy analysis to frame this debate. The pandemic exposes the need to act despite high ambiguity and uncertainty and low government control, using trial-and-error strategies to adapt to new manifestations of the problem, and producing unequal consequences for social groups. Lessons will only have value if we incorporate these policymaking limitations and unequal socioeconomic effects and ask the right questions when holding the UK government to account.

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Section: Multiple Perspectives On Uk Government Covid-19 Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

The UK government’s COVID-19 policy: assessing evidence-informed policy analysis in real time

Cairney

2020

Br Polit

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“…COVID-19 has been more deadly for African American and Hispanic people as seen in studies published in the US and the UK. 22…”

Section: Case Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac tamponade in COVID‐19 patients: Management and outcomes

Hakmi

Sohail

Brathwaite

et al. 2020

Journal of Cardiac Surgery

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Importance: Cardiac tamponade requiring emergent intervention is a possible complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Favorable clinical outcomes are possible if timely management and drainage are performed unless ventricular failure develops. Observation: Cardiac tamponade in COVID-19, based on the limited reported cases, seems to be more common among middle-aged men with observed complications in black and ethnic minorities. Prognosis is worse amongst patients with concomitant ventricular failure. Design and Methods: This is a case series of three COVID-19 patients complicated by cardiac tamponade, requiring surgical intervention at a single institution in New York.

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“…Hispanics/Latino Americans (74.3 deaths per 100 000 population) than the White American population (45.2 deaths per 100 000). 14,15 Blacks, Asians and minority ethnic (BAME) groups are also found to have higher COVID19 mortality rates when compared to White ethnic groups in the UK. People of Chinese, Indian, Pakistani, other…”

Section: Ethnicity-related Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID‐19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists?

Kabeerdoss

Danda

2020

Int J of Rheum Dis

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the biggest pandemic of our lifetime to date. No effective treatment is yet in sight for this catastrophic illness. Several antiviral agents and vaccines are in clinical trials, and drug repurposings as immediate and alternative choices are also under consideration. Immunomodulatory agents like hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as well as biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) such as tocilizumab and anakinra received worldwide attention for treatment of critical patients with COVID-19. This is of interest to rheumatologists, who are well versed with rational use of these agents. This brief review addresses the understandings of some of the common immunopathogenetic mechanisms in the context of autoimmune rheumatic diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COVID-19. Apart from demographic comparisons, the role of type I interferons (IFN), presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and finally mechanism of action of HCQ in both the scenarios are discussed here. High risks for fatal disease in COVID-19 include older age, metabolic syndrome, male gender, and individuals who develop delayed type I IFN response. HCQ acts by different mechanisms including prevention of cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition of type I IFN signaling. Recent controversies regarding efficacy of HCQ in management of COVID-19 warrant more studies in that direction. Autoantibodies were also reported in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as well as in COVID-19. Rheumatologists need to wait and see whether SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers development of autoimmunity in patients with COVID-19 infection in the long run.

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Sharpening the global focus on ethnicity and race in the time of COVID-19

Abstract: BW reports honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Servier, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Menarini for lectures on hypertension outside the area of work commented on here. ZY declares no competing interests.

Cited by 239 publications

References 15 publications

The UK government’s COVID-19 policy: assessing evidence-informed policy analysis in real time

The UK government’s COVID-19 policy: assessing evidence-informed policy analysis in real time

Cardiac tamponade in COVID‐19 patients: Management and outcomes

Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID‐19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists?

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