SHATTERPROOF MADS-box genes control seed dispersal in Arabidopsis

Liljegren, Sarah J.; Ditta, Gary S.; Eshed, Yuval; Savidge, Beth; Bowman, John L.; Yanofsky, Martin F.

doi:10.1038/35008089

Cited by 837 publications

(704 citation statements)

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“…Ectopic expression of SHP1 and SHP2 (data not shown) resulted in the conversion of sepals to carpeloid structures, as described for STK , and the conversion of petals to stamenoid structures, confirming the data published by Liljegren et al (2000). These experiments show clearly that ectopic STK , SHP1 , and SHP2 activities are able to induce the carpel and ovule pathways in these transgenic plants.…”

Section: Ectopic Expression Of Stk In Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Rsupporting

confidence: 85%

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MADS-Box Protein Complexes Control Carpel and Ovule Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2003

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The AGAMOUS ( AG ) gene is necessary for stamen and carpel development and is part of a monophyletic clade of MADSbox genes that also includes SHATTERPROOF1 ( SHP1 ), SHP2 , and SEEDSTICK ( STK ). Here, we show that ectopic expression of either the STK or SHP gene is sufficient to induce the transformation of sepals into carpeloid organs bearing ovules. Moreover, the fact that these organ transformations occur when the STK gene is expressed ectopically in ag mutants shows that STK can promote carpel development in the absence of AG activity. We also show that STK, AG, SHP1, and SHP2 can form multimeric complexes and that these interactions require the SEPALLATA (SEP) MADS-box proteins. We provide genetic evidence for this role of the SEP proteins by showing that a reduction in SEP activity leads to the loss of normal ovule development, similar to what occurs in stk shp1 shp2 triple mutants. Together, these results indicate that the SEP proteins, which are known to form multimeric complexes in the control of flower organ identity, also form complexes to control normal ovule development.

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Section: Ectopic Expression Of Stk In Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Rsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…shp1 and shp2 single mutants do not exhibit any phenotypic effect, and the double mutant by itself does not affect carpel identity, because the shp1 shp2 double mutant is disturbed only in dehiscence zone formation in the fruit, by which these mutant fruit are unable to shatter their seeds (Liljegren et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MADS-Box Protein Complexes Control Carpel and Ovule Development in Arabidopsis

et al. 2003

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Section: Flowering Plant Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different loss of function phenotypes in the two genes show that they have adopted different functions 52 . Conversely, Arabidopsis contains two paralogs of AG, the SHATTERPROOF genes SHP1 and SHP2, which have adopted new functions in fruit ripening 53 .Taken together, examples like these suggest that the robustness originally caused by a duplication has facilitated evolutionary diversification on the molecular level. Such diversification is a prerequisite for morphological evolution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gene duplications, robustness and evolutionary innovations

Wagner

2008

BioEssays

118

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Gene duplications, robustness and evolutionary innovations Gene duplications, robustness and evolutionary innovations AbstractMutational robustness facilitates evolutionary innovations. Gene duplications are unique kinds of mutations, in that they generally increase such robustness. The frequent association of gene duplications in regulatory networks with evolutionary innovation is thus a special case of a general mechanism linking innovation to robustness. The potential power of this mechanism to promote evolutionary innovations on large time scales is illustrated here with several examples. These include the role of gene duplications in the vertebrate radiation, flowering plant evolution and heart development, which encompass some of the most striking innovations in the evolution of life. Gene duplications, robustness, and evolutionary innovationsAndreas Wagner AbstractMutational robustness facilitates evolutionary innovations in biological systems. Gene duplications are unique kinds of mutations, in that they generally increase such robustness. The frequent association of gene duplications in regulatory networks with evolutionary innovation thus exemplifies a general mechanism linking innovation to robustness. I illustrate the potential power of this mechanism on large time scales with the role of gene duplications in the vertebrate radiation, flowering plant evolution, and heart development, which encompass some of the most striking innovations in the evolution of life. Mutational robustnessMutational robustness is a biological's system ability to withstand mutations. Such robustness exists on multiple levels of biological organization. A case in point are random mutagenesis experiments of various proteins. They suggest that only a small fraction of mutations affect protein function adversely. For instance, a study of the bacteriophage T4 lysozyme generated more than 2000 random amino acid changes in the protein. Only 16% of them affected lysozyme function 1 . Other examples come from regulatory gene networks, such as the molecular network specifying fruit fly segments. Such networks may tolerate much quantitative variation in interactions among network genes 2-5 . Examples at the highest level of organization include macroscopic traits. Even substantial genetic variation -ultimately caused by mutations -may leave such traits unchanged. Take the vulva of the nematode worms Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus 6 . These organisms shared a common ancestor 200-300 million years ago. Their vulvae are very similar, yet the genetic and cellular networks producing them have diverged greatly. For example, whereas in C. elegans one specific cell -the anchor cell -induces vulva development, multiple gonadal cells are responsible for this induction in P. pacificus 7 . Similarly, the same key signaling molecules, such as Wnt, may play a positive role in the network for vulval induction in C. elegans, but a negative role in P. pacificus 8,9 . In sum, mutational robustness is everywhere, from proteins to or...

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“…Valve margin identity is developed and maintained via the expression of several transcription factors including the MADS-box genes SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1), and SHP2, and basic helix-loop-helix genes INDEHISCENT (IND) and ALCATRAZ (ALC) [80][81][82]. The activity of these regulatory genes is restricted to the valve margins, as their expression is repressed by REPLUMLESS (RPL) gene in the replum [83], and FRUITFULL (FUL) gene in the valves [84].…”

Section: B Shattering In Arabidopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pod Shattering: A Homologous Series of Variation Underlying Domestication and an Avenue for Crop Improvement

Ogutcen¹,

Pandey²,

Khan³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In wild habitats, fruit dehiscence is a critical strategy for seed dispersal; however, in cultivated crops it is one of the major sources of yield loss. Therefore, indehiscence of fruits, pods, etc., was likely to be one of the first traits strongly selected in crop domestication. Even with the historical selection against dehiscence in early domesticates, it is a trait still targeted in many breeding programs, particularly in minor or underutilized crops. Here, we review of this trait in pulse (grain legume) crops, which are of growing importance as a source of protein in human and livestock diets, and which have received less attention iii) the molecular pathways underlying this important trait, iv) an overview of the extent of crop losses due to shattering, and the effects of environmental factors on shattering, and, v) efforts to reduce shattering in crops. While our focus is mainly pulse crops, we also included comparisons to crucifers and cereals because there is extensive research on shattering in these taxa.

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SHATTERPROOF MADS-box genes control seed dispersal in Arabidopsis

Cited by 837 publications

References 27 publications

MADS-Box Protein Complexes Control Carpel and Ovule Development in Arabidopsis

MADS-Box Protein Complexes Control Carpel and Ovule Development in Arabidopsis

Gene duplications, robustness and evolutionary innovations

Pod Shattering: A Homologous Series of Variation Underlying Domestication and an Avenue for Crop Improvement

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