She “didn’t see my weight; she saw me, a mom who needed help breastfeeding”: Perceptions of perinatal weight stigma and its relationship with breastfeeding experiences

Dieterich, Rachel; Chang, Judy C.; Danford, Cynthia A.; Scott, Paul; Wend, Caroline; Demirci, Jill

doi:10.1177/1359105320988325

Cited by 10 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Patients felt devalued through repeated negative interactions with healthcare providers where the use of derogatory language [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]59,60 and pejorative non-verbal behaviours [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]…”

Section: Theme 1: Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Of Weight Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patient-provider relationship was the primary source of conflict across the literature. Experiencing depreciating comments, [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]59,60 not being listened to, 29,31,32,36,[39][40][41]43,46,48,51,54,57 and being "talked down to" [29][30][31][32]34,35,39,41,45,…”

Section: Theme 1: Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Of Weight Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,33,35,37,39,[41][42][43]45,46,48,49,51,52,54,55,57,60 This finding was evident in primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare settings and was most pronounced in maternity care settings (secondary care). 30,36,40,46,48,54 My fourth pregnancy was twins and I lost one of the babies and the consultant put everything that went wrong down to my weight, even losing the baby. 52…”

Section: Disrespectful Dialoguementioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight stigma experienced by patients with obesity in healthcare settings: A qualitative evidence synthesis

et al. 2023

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SummaryWeight stigma research is largely focused on quantifiable outcomes with inadequate representation of the perspectives of those that are affected by it. This study offers a comprehensive systematic review and synthesis of weight stigma experienced in healthcare settings, from the perspective of patients living with obesity. A total of 1340 studies was screened, of which 32 were included in the final synthesis. Thematic synthesis generated three overarching analytical themes: (1) verbal and non‐verbal communication of stigma, (2) weight stigma impacts the provision of care, and (3) weight stigma and systemic barriers to healthcare. The first theme relates to the communication of weight stigma perceived by patients within patient–provider interactions. The second theme describes the patients' perceptions of how weight stigma impacts upon care provision. The third theme highlighted the perceived systemic barriers faced by patients when negotiating the healthcare system. Patient suggestions to reduce weight stigma in healthcare settings are also presented. Weight stigma experienced within interpersonal interactions migrates to the provision of care, mediates gaining equitable access to services, and perpetuates a poor systemic infrastructure to support the needs of patients with obesity. A non‐collaborative approach to practice and treatment renders patients feeling they have no control over their own healthcare requirements.

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Section: Theme 1: Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Of Weight Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theme 1: Verbal and Non-verbal Communication Of Weight Stigmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disrespectful Dialoguementioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight stigma experienced by patients with obesity in healthcare settings: A qualitative evidence synthesis

et al. 2023

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“…*Correspondence: tnagpal@ualberta.ca depression, gestational diabetes, and reduced breastfeeding [10][11][12]. Furthermore, there is a correlation between frequency of weight stigmatizing experiences in pregnancy and maternal body mass index (BMI), suggesting pregnant individuals who have higher weights or obesity are at greater risk of weight stigma and potential associated complications [11].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies with non-pregnant individuals have consistently shown a relationship between experiencing weight stigma and poor health outcomes and behaviours such as glucose intolerance, increased risk for depression and eating disorders, and avoiding physical activity settings [ 6 – 9 ]. Weight stigma has also been associated with poor prenatal outcomes such as postpartum depression, gestational diabetes, and reduced breastfeeding [ 10 – 12 ]. Furthermore, there is a correlation between frequency of weight stigmatizing experiences in pregnancy and maternal body mass index (BMI), suggesting pregnant individuals who have higher weights or obesity are at greater risk of weight stigma and potential associated complications [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring weight bias internalization in pregnancy

Nagpal

Salas

Vallis

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Recent research has shown that pregnant individuals experience weight stigma throughout gestation, including negative comments and judgement associated with gestational weight gain (GWG). Weight bias internalization (WBI) is often a result of exposure to weight stigma and is detrimental to biopsychological health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore WBI in pregnancy and compare scores based on maternal weight-related factors including pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), obesity diagnosis and excessive GWG. Methods Pregnant individuals in Canada and USA completed a modified version of the Adult Weight Bias Internalization Scale. Self-reported pre-pregnancy height and weight were collected to calculate and classify pre-pregnancy BMI. Current weight was also reported to calculate GWG, which was then classified as excessive or not based on Institute of Medicine (2009) guidelines. Participants indicated if they were diagnosed with obesity by a healthcare provider. Inferential analyses were performed comparing WBI scores according to pre-pregnancy BMI, excessive GWG, and obesity diagnosis. Significance was accepted as p < 0.05 and effect sizes accompanied all analyses. Result 336 pregnant individuals completed the survey, with an average WBI score of 3.9 ± 1.2. WBI was higher among those who had a pre-pregnancy BMI of obese than normal weight (p = 0.04, η2 = 0.03), diagnosed with obesity than not diagnosed (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.3), and gained excessively versus not (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.2). Conclusions Pregnant individuals who have a higher BMI, obesity and gain excessively may experience WBI. Given that weight stigma frequently occurs in pregnancy, effective person-oriented strategies are needed to mitigate stigma and prevent and care for WBI.

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Pregorexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the constructs of body image dissatisfaction and eating disturbances by gestational age in the peripartum

Tarchi,

Merola,

Selvi

et al. 2023

Eat Weight Disord

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Purpose Pregorexia is a phenomenon posited to occur in the peripartum, characterized by an attempt to counter pregnancy’s physiological changes in body shape through reduced calorie intake or increased physical activity. Methods In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, body image dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology in the peripartum according to gestational age were formally assessed. PubMed was searched up to May 2023. Selection criteria were represented by studies on body image concerns or eating psychopathology in the peripartum (up to 1 year after delivery). The population needed to include women from the general population or among patients with a history of (or current) eating disorder. For the meta-analysis, 17 studies were included: 10 for body image dissatisfaction (2625 individuals overall), 7 for eating behaviors (2551 individuals overall). The interplay between body image and the following themes was examined in depth: the adoption of breastfeeding, peripartum depression, sociocultural influences on body image, sexual disturbances, experiencing or reporting an altered food intake. Results Progressive dissatisfaction with body image during pregnancy by gestational age was observed, stably elevated for at least 12 months postpartum. Eating psychopathology was observed as elevated only at 12 months in the postpartum, but not during pregnancy. Discussion The current work offers normative values of body image satisfaction and eating psychopathology in the peripartum by gestational age. The relevance of current results was discussed, in order to inform both current clinical practice and future public policies. Level of Evidence Level I—Evidence obtained from: systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

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She “didn’t see my weight; she saw me, a mom who needed help breastfeeding”: Perceptions of perinatal weight stigma and its relationship with breastfeeding experiences

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Weight stigma experienced by patients with obesity in healthcare settings: A qualitative evidence synthesis

Weight stigma experienced by patients with obesity in healthcare settings: A qualitative evidence synthesis

Exploring weight bias internalization in pregnancy

Pregorexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the constructs of body image dissatisfaction and eating disturbances by gestational age in the peripartum

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