“…Chemical bonding can be induced by various kinds of liner treatments and selective infiltration etching (SIE) [ 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Also, the effects of these surface treatments on bond and fracture strengths between zirconia and veneering ceramic have been identified by various mechanical tests, such as shear bond test, microtensile bond strength test, 3 or 4-point bending test, progressive or cyclic load fracture test, and indentation test [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”