Shear-dependent deformation of erythrocytes in rheology of human blood

Chien, Su-Ying; Usami, Shunichi; Dellenback, RJ; Gregersen, MI

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.219.1.136

Cited by 173 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, over many years, much emphasis in hemorheology has been put on measuring the deformation of RBCs (13,(30)(31)(32). However, our results indicate that shear thinning of the RBC solution actually occurs in regime II, where the cells are beginning to tanktread, before cell deformation starts to increase in regime III ( Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale approach to link red blood cell dynamics, shear viscosity, and ATP release

Forsyth

Wan

Owrutsky

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

163

158

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RBCs are known to release ATP, which acts as a signaling molecule to cause dilation of blood vessels. A reduction in the release of ATP from RBCs has been linked to diseases such as type II diabetes and cystic fibrosis. Furthermore, reduced deformation of RBCs has been correlated with myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. Because ATP release has been linked to cell deformation, we undertook a multiscale approach to understand the links between single RBC dynamics, ATP release, and macroscopic viscosity all at physiological shear rates. Our experimental approach included microfluidics, ATP measurements using a bioluminescent reaction, and rheology. Using microfluidics technology with high-speed imaging, we visualize the deformation and dynamics of single cells, which are known to undergo motions such as tumbling, swinging, tanktreading, and deformation. We report that shear thinning is not due to cellular deformation as previously believed, but rather it is due to the tumbling-to-tanktreading transition. In addition, our results indicate that ATP release is constant at shear stresses below a threshold (3 Pa), whereas above the threshold ATP release is increased and accompanied by large cellular deformations. Finally, performing experiments with well-known inhibitors, we show that the Pannexin 1 hemichannel is the main avenue for ATP release both above and below the threshold, whereas, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator only contributes to deformation-dependent ATP release above the stress threshold.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale approach to link red blood cell dynamics, shear viscosity, and ATP release

Forsyth

Wan

Owrutsky

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

163

158

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“…The deformability of the RBC membrane affects its physiological function of oxygen transport 3 and determines the hydrodynamic properties of whole blood, 4,5 which has a normal hematocrit (volume fraction of RBCs) of approximately 45%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large deformation of red blood cell ghosts in a simple shear flow

1998

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Red blood cells are known to change shape in response to local flow conditions. Deformability affects red blood cell physiological function and the hydrodynamic properties of blood. The immersed boundary method is used to simulate three-dimensional membrane-fluid flow interactions for cells with the same internal and external fluid viscosities. The method has been validated for small deformations of an initially spherical capsule in simple shear flow for both neoHookean and the Evans-Skalak membrane models. Initially oblate spheroidal capsules are simulated and it is shown that the red blood cell membrane exhibits asymptotic behavior as the ratio of the dilation modulus to the extensional modulus is increased and a good approximation of local area conservation is obtained. Tank treading behavior is observed and its period calculated.

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“…At low shear rates, spherical erythrocytes would also be expected to show a lower capacity for rouleaux formation, since less surface area for cell-cell interaction is present. Plasma proteins affect cell-cell interaction during rouleaux formation (8), and to our knowledge, no one has studied variations in plasma protein composition during early cardiovascular development. All of these changes have the potential to affect the viscous behavior of embryonic blood, but it is not known whether blood viscosity changes significantly as the embryo develops.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rheology of embryonic avian blood

Al-Roubaie

Jahnsen

Mohammed

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Shear stress, a mechanical force created by blood flow, is known to affect the developing cardiovascular system. Shear stress is a function of both shear rate and viscosity. While established techniques for measuring shear rate in embryos have been developed, the viscosity of embryonic blood has never been known but always assumed to be like adult blood. Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, where the relationship between shear rate and shear stress is nonlinear. In this work, we analyzed the nonNewtonian behavior of embryonic chicken blood using a microviscometer and present the apparent viscosity at different hematocrits, different shear rates, and at different stages during development from 4 days (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 22) to 8 days (about HamburgerHamilton stage 34) of incubation. We chose the chicken embryo since it has become a common animal model for studying hemodynamics in the developing cardiovascular system. We found that the hematocrit increases with the stage of development. The viscosity of embryonic avian blood in all developmental stages studied was shear rate dependent and behaved in a non-Newtonian manner similar to that of adult blood. The range of shear rates and hematocrits at which nonNewtonian behavior was observed is, however, outside the physiological range for the larger vessels of the embryo. Under low shear stress conditions, the spherical nucleated blood cells that make up embryonic blood formed into small aggregates of cells. We found that the apparent blood viscosity decreases at a given hematocrit during embryonic development, not due to changes in protein composition of the plasma but possibly due to the changes in cellular composition of embryonic blood. This decrease in apparent viscosity was only visible at high hematocrit. At physiological values of hematocrit, embryonic blood viscosity did not change significantly with the stage of development. microelectromechanical systems; hematocrit; shear rate; shear stress; hemodynamic; rouleaux; vascular development HEMODYNAMICS, or blood fluid dynamics, are important not only for cardiovascular function but also for the development of the cardiovascular system. Blood flow creates a force called shear stress. Chronic changes in shear stress levels lead to a remodeling of the vasculature that normalizes the level of shear stress in the adult (20). Shear stress has also been found to be important during cardiovascular development, affecting heart formation (17), vascular remodeling (25, 36), arterial-venous differentiation (21), and hematopoiesis by the vascular endothelium (1, 29). For these reasons, there has been a significant effort in recent years to measure the shear stress levels during early embryonic development and link specific flow patterns or levels of shear stress to events in vascular development.Shear stress is a function of the shear rate and the viscosity of the fluid. The development of flow visualization techniques with micrometer-scale resolution, such as Doppler optical coherence tomography (12) and microparticle ima...

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Shear-dependent deformation of erythrocytes in rheology of human blood

Cited by 173 publications

References 0 publications

Multiscale approach to link red blood cell dynamics, shear viscosity, and ATP release

Multiscale approach to link red blood cell dynamics, shear viscosity, and ATP release

Large deformation of red blood cell ghosts in a simple shear flow

Rheology of embryonic avian blood

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