Shear-dependent interaction of plasma proteins with erythrocytes in blood rheology

Chien, Shu; Usami, Shunichi; Dellenback, RJ; Gregersen, MI

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.219.1.143

Cited by 137 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…17 Serum globulins, especially a 2 -macroglobulins and the immunoglobulins IgG and IgM, also exhibit a fibrinogen-like influence on blood viscosity that is more pronounced under low-flow conditions in which erythrocyte aggregation is favored. 18 Our results, like those obtained by Fisher and Meiselman, 19 underscore the notion that, in addition to elevated fibrinogen levels, other cellular and plasmatic factors may contribute to blood viscosity abnormalities. A recent review 20 has emphasized that further attention to the role of plasmatic factors in cerebral infarction is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Chronic blood hyperviscosity in subjects with acute stroke, transient ischemic attack, and risk factors for stroke.

Coull

Beamer

Garmo

et al. 1991

Stroke

146

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The origin and significance of blood hyperviscosity in subjects with acute stroke has been controversial. It has been argued that viscous abnormalities simply reflect either elevated hematocnt or an acute-phase response to the stroke itself. To address these issues, we measured the factors that determine blood viscosity in a cross-sectional study of 430 subjects, including 135 with acute stroke, 89 with acute transient ischemic attacks of the brain, 115 with recognized risk factors for stroke, and 91 healthy controls. The at-risk group was balanced with the acute stroke group for types of risk factors and medication usage, and all four groups were balanced for age. The viscosity of whole blood at low rates of shear and the plasma viscosity were significantly elevated in both groups with cerebrovascular symptoms and in the at-risk group compared with the healthy controls. The severity of hyperviscosity was stroke group > transient ischemic attack group > at-risk group > healthy controls. Increased viscosity of whole blood was associated with an elevated plasma fibrinogen concentration and with a decreased albumin/ globulin ratio. This study provides evidence that blood hyperviscosity is present not only in subjects with acute brain infarction, but also in those with risk factors for stroke, and that these abnormalities are, to a considerable degree, chronic (Stroke 1991^2:162-168)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Chronic blood hyperviscosity in subjects with acute stroke, transient ischemic attack, and risk factors for stroke.

Coull

Beamer

Garmo

et al. 1991

Stroke

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…IgM, IgA, IgG, and 02-macroglobulin (1 8-20). What is more, they seem to be able to potentiate the effects of fibrinogen (21). This is probably of relevance here because IgM and IgA levels are extremely low in the newborn (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

A Comparison of the Rheologic Properties of Neonatal and Adult Blood

et al. 1989

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ABSTRACT. A number of studies have indicated that the emphasis on low shear rate viscosity and rouleaux-related pherheologic properties of neonatal blood are different from nomena. those of the adult. The frequent administration of blood components to the neonate during intensive care make it important that these differences be established and their MATERIALS AND METHODS causes understood. The purpose of this study was to make a detailed comparison of the rheologic properties of nee-Blood was obtained from healthy adults by venesection, natal and adult blood, with particular emphasis on low and from the umbilical vein of neonates immediately after shear rate viscosity and rouleaux-related phenomena. The clamping of the cord at delivery. In each case, it was anticoaguviscometric data was obtained from seven preterm (PT) lated with 12.5 U/mL of heparin. The babies were all born and l8 term (NT) babies and with those vaginally and did not require resuscitation. They were of normal l8 (A)-In the present study, "iscometry was wt for gestation age. There were too few preterm babies to group performed Over a wide range Of shear rates, O a 3 them according to gestational age, which ranged from 24 to 35 130 s-', and the low shear rate data were with wk, thus all babies of less than 37 wk were classified as preterm. direct measurement of rouleaux formation using the MY-he adults had an age range of 24 to 50 y with a median age of renne Erythrocyte Aggregometer. A major factor leading 30. to the viscometric differences observed was the high hem-1, a pilot survey, the rheologically important variables-hematOcrit in the newborn (46.8 + 2.1% PT, 52.8 + atocrit, plasma viscosity, and plasma fibrinogen concentration-6-1% NT, 44-1 * 2.5% A 40.5 + A females)-were compared between pre-and normal term babies and adults.ow ever, this tended to be compensated for by the lower This was followed by a more comprehensive hemorheologic plasma (Iso5 * 0.07 mPas PT, * 0-14 mPas study that included the measurement of blood viscosity over a NT,* O e o 8 mPas A-n0 sex difference) and reduced wide range of shear rates. These viscometric studies were made rOuleaux in the and more according to the ICSH Guidelines (7) on blood at native hemamarked in the preterm baby. The lowered levels red tocrit and, after adjustment by adding or subtracting autologous aggregation were found not to be due to cellular differences plasma, at 45%. The hematocrit was measured by microcentribetween the adults and the babies but rather to differing fugation without correction for trapped plasma, plasmaThe presence the fetal variant In some experiments, washed cells were used. The cells were fibrinogen and low levels of immunoglobulins, especially washed, by alternate centrifugation and aspiration of supernaIgM and IgA, are likely be particular imp0rtance. tant, using isotonic PBS. The cells were finally suspended at a (Pediatv Res 25457-460, 1989) hematocrit of 45% in PBS or PBS containing adult human fibrinogen (Kabi Pharmaceuticals, Stockholm, Sweden). Fibrinog...

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“…Although the direct effect of fibrinogen has not been demonstrated in the present study, it can be speculated that the lower plasma Vc of the newborn lambs may be due, at least in part, to the lower fibrinogen concentration. Chien et al (4) have also shown that fibrinogen affects whole blood Vc at low shear rates by inducing red cells aggregation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Comparison of Blood Viscosity between the Adult Sheep and Newborn Lamb. The Role of Plasma and Red Blood Cell Type

1983

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SummaryAdult sheep and newborn lamb blood viscosity (Vc) have been compared by taking into account not only the hematocrit, but also the type of the red cells (adult or fetal) in the circulation and the plasma Vc. At all shear rates studied the whole blood Vc of the adult was higher than that of the newborn. Plasma Vc was 1.58 +-0.18 centipoises in the adult compared to 1.21 +-0.19 in the newborn group (P < 0.001). The mean relative apparent viscosity (whole blood Vc/plasma Vc) was higher in the newborn although the difference was not significant. Abbreviations CP, centipoise Ht, hematocrit Vc, viscosityIn a recent study, blood viscosity of adults and human newborns was compared to determine the part played by the presence of fetal red cell and the plasma viscosity. This work showed that for the same hematocrit adult blood had a higher viscosity than that of the newborn. This was due to a higher viscosity of adult plasma (10).Because the newborn lamb is frequently used as an experimental model for fetal and neonatal circulatory (5) as well as metabolic studies (8) and the results are extrapolated to humans, it was considered of utmost importance to obtain data on rheologic properties of adult and newborn blood in this species. MATERIALS AND METHODSnewborn blood in presence of change in Ht was studied by plotting the logarithm of Vc against Ht. The statistical analysis of the regression lines were performed according to the methods outlined in Snedecor and Cochran (1 I). A preliminary test of the residual variances about the regression lines was done when these tests were not significant, it was then possible to assess the equality of the two slopes. If these tests were not significant the common values of the slopes were estimated, and the intercepts were calculated. The equality of the two intercepts could then be assessed. The Vc of adult and newborn blood in relation to the shear rate was also compared at three Ht ranges: 30-40, 50-60, and 60-70%). The Vc found for each sample was divided by the Vc of its plasma to obtain the relative apparent Vc (2). This ratio reflects the rheologic properties of the erythrocyte suspension. Unpaired Student's t test was used for statistical analyses unless specified otherwise. RESULTSThe influence of Ht changes on the apparent Vc of neonatal and adult blood at four different shear rates is shown in Figure 1. In all instances Vc increases with a rise of Ht, and at a given Ht the Vc decreases with increasing shear rates. Absolute values of adult blood appear to be higher than those of the newborn lamb. The comparison of the rate of change of the Vc of adult and newborn blood in presence of change in Ht is shown in Figure 2. The tests for the equality of variances were not significant at the 0.05 level. The tests of the equality of the slopes were also not significant at 0.05 level. All the tests of the equality of the intercepts were highly significant ( P < 0.001) for all shear rates studied. Figure 3 A, B, and C show the quantitative comparison between the two types of bloo...

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Shear-dependent interaction of plasma proteins with erythrocytes in blood rheology

Cited by 137 publications

References 0 publications

Chronic blood hyperviscosity in subjects with acute stroke, transient ischemic attack, and risk factors for stroke.

Chronic blood hyperviscosity in subjects with acute stroke, transient ischemic attack, and risk factors for stroke.

A Comparison of the Rheologic Properties of Neonatal and Adult Blood

A Comparison of Blood Viscosity between the Adult Sheep and Newborn Lamb. The Role of Plasma and Red Blood Cell Type

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