Shear layer over floodplain vegetation with a view on bending and streamlining effects

Abstract

Shrubby and woody vegetation growing on floodplains profoundly influences hydrodynamic and transport processes in riverine systems. Existing hydrodynamic research is mostly focused on conditions with aquatic plants and rigid model vegetation. To appreciate the different hydrodynamic impacts of submerged floodplain and riverbank vegetation, a novel flume investigation was carried out. We simulated conditions found in riparian environments in terms of vegetation density, plant structure and flexibility, and presence of a grassy understory. Four experimental cases were defined so that vegetation exhibited different degrees of bending and streamlining. Extensive set of velocity measurements allowed reliable description of the double averaged flow. Vegetation morphology, with the flexibility-induced streamlining and dynamic motion controlled the magnitude and distribution of the vegetative drag, shaping the shear penetration within the canopy. The flows were highly heterogeneous, thus calling for spatially averaged approaches for the flow field investigation. The relative importance of dispersive momentum fluxes was high in the canopy bottom region where both Reynolds and dispersive stresses were small. The contribution of dispersive fluxes to momentum transport decreased with increasing reconfiguration. The results revealed the shear layers over floodplain vegetation to be dynamically similar to other environmental flows over porous obstructions. However, the velocity-dependent vegetative drag and deflected height introduced additional complexity in the flow simulation. Altogether our findings implied that accurate description of vegetated floodplain flows can be achieved only when plant morphology and flexibility are appropriately described in drag models. Article highlights A novel experimental setup with flexible woody plants and grasses was used to model the hydrodynamics of vegetated floodplains. Plant morphology and flexibility controlled the vegetative drag, affecting key shear layer features, including the shear penetration. The spatially heterogeneous flows had higher dispersive stresses at the canopy bottom, where the total fluid stress was small.

Flow and wake characteristics associated with riparian vegetation patches: Results from field‐scale experiments

“…Under the flow forcing, riparian vegetation experiences reconfiguration, that is, the streamlining of the plant's woody and leafy flexible parts, with the consequent modification of the plant's shape and area exposed to the flow (Västilä & Järvelä, 2018). Such flexibility‐induced reconfiguration markedly alters both and (Caroppi & Järvelä, 2022). Thus, with reference to a patch of riparian vegetation, changes in flow velocity are expected to affect the patch flow blockage , in turn altering the flow and wake characteristics associated with the patch.…”

Numerical and analytical flow models in ecological channels with interaction of vegetation and freshwater

“…In summary, the vegetation morphology affects the motion of the KH and wake vortices and changes the U profile by redistributing the canopy drag (Caroppi and Järvelä, 2022). This study investigates hydrodynamic features such as the turbulence motion and velocity distribution law in an openchannel flow with different types of submerged vegetation.…”

Longitudinal dispersion affected by willow patches of low areal coverage

“…Västilä et al, 2019). Smaller‐scale turbulent fluctuations are caused by wake flows associated with stems and branches, dynamic movements of flexible leaves, and coherent motions of flexible interfaces (Caroppi & Järvelä, 2022).…”