Shear strength characteristics of sand-mixed with granular rubber

Ghazavi, Mahmoud

doi:10.1023/b:gege.0000025035.74092.6c

Cited by 92 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The results of the current study suggest that a mixture of very hard particles and smaller, softer particles could further improve the bending stiffness of a Vacu-SL shaft. This agrees with literature on reinforcing soils by granular mixing and lightweight fillers [26,[39][40][41]. The large, hard particles prevent deformation that is caused by compression of the particles.…”

Section: Limitations and Implicationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Vacuum packed particles as flexible endoscope guides with controllable rigidity

et al. 2010

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In order to fully benefit from the functionalities of flexible endoscopes in surgery a simple shaft-guide that can be used to support the flexible endoscope shaft is required. Such a shaft-guide must be flexible during insertion into the human body and rigidified when properly positioned to support the flexible endoscope shaft. A shaft-guide called 'Vacu-SL' was designed, consisting of a foil tube, filled with particles, that is rigidified by creating a vacuum in its tube. It is expected that the bending stiffness of a loaded, rigidified Vacu-SL shaft-guide is significantly influenced by the shape, hardness and size of the filler particles used. The goal of this study was to find the relations between the filler particles' size, shape and hardness and a rigidified Vacu-SL shaft-guide's bending stiffness. Vacu-SL test models were made using polystyrene, acrylic glass, glass, steel, and corundum particles as spheres, pebbles and granulate, with average diameters between 0.16-1.7 mm. These test models were rigidified and then loaded in a tensile tester. The forces needed for 5 and 10 mm deflections of the rigidified test models were measured. The results show that particle size, shape and hardness all influence a rigidified Vacu-SL shaft-guide's bending stiffness. Size and hardness showed an optimum and granules performed better than spheres. Although the maximally measured bending stiffness might be insufficient to enable proper guidance of flexible endoscope shafts, the results suggest several ways to successfully improve the Vacu-SL shaft-guide.

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Section: Limitations and Implicationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Vacuum packed particles as flexible endoscope guides with controllable rigidity

et al. 2010

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“…Lightweight fill materials made with polystyrene beads were found to be more expensive when cement was used as extra manpower or machines were often required for cement mixing. [7][8][9][10] Onishi et al 11 investigated the strength and small strain modulus of cement stabilised sand mixed with EPS beads, which they referred to as cemented sand composite. It was found that the inclusion of the EPS beads degraded the strength and deformation properties of the geomaterial even when cement was used; however, when cement was used in appropriate amounts, the strength and deformation properties of the sand composites were enhanced.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary laboratory assessments of a lightweight geocomposite material for embankment fill application

Okonta¹

2015

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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The cost of retaining structures used for the lateral support of roadside embankments can be significantly reduced through the use of lightly cemented mixtures of expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads and backfill soils as lightweight roadside embankment material. Four grades of residually derived sandy soils were mixed with EPS beads and the geocomposites were stabilised with 3% cement content, compacted and cured. The textural properties and shear strength parameters of dry and soaked specimens of the cemented geocomposites were determined by direct shear tests. The shear parameters and slope stability charts were used to simulate the slope of typical road embankments. The settlement potentials at different applied normal stresses were also determined. Inclusion of EPS reduced the dry density of the residual soils from an average value of 1790 kg/m3 to 1335 kg/m3. The maximum friction coefficient, tan ᴓ′, mobilised by the geocomposite specimens decreased with an increase in the soil fines content (>0.425 mm). The difference in tan ᴓ′ between the stabilised geocomposites and the natural soil was also dependent on the fines content. For an embankment height of 20 m, slope angles of 38° and 62° were determined for fine sand geocomposites in fully saturated drainage and drained conditions, respectively. Lower slope angles were determined for geocomposites made from silty, coarse and gravelly sands. A limiting embankment height of 50 m was determined for the four geocomposites. Rainfall-induced settlement of geocomposites was dependent on pre-inundation stiffness; for the range of applied stress up to 200 kPa, the settlement exhibited by the fine and silty sand geocomposites was lower than that for the coarse and gravelly sand geocomposites. Fine and silty sands make poor materials for slope embankments because of their poor hydraulic conductivity; however, fine and silty sand geocomposites have a good conductivity and friction angle to support slope embankments.

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“…Since polymeric industrial leftovers, mainly tyre rubber and PET (poly ethylene terephthalate), are serious menace to the environment [Day et al, 1993] ample studies are dedicated to using scrap tyres and other polymeric leftovers in civil engineering from concrete to pavement, soil and elastic foundations, [Hazarika et al, 2006], [Ghazavi, 2006], [Hazarika et al, 2008], [Hazarika and Yasuhara 2008], [Son et at., 2008], [Hataf and Rahimi, Downloaded by [University of Nebraska, Lincoln] at 03: 31 11 June 2016 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 3 2008], [Presti, 2013] and [Torgal et al, 2012]. Also several papers focused on structural retrofitting methodologies (e.g., confinement, reinforcement) using scrap tyres and recycled rubbers are found elsewhere, [Montella et al, 2014], [Bugaldian, 2010], [Charleson, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Base Isolation System for Developing Countries Using Discarded Tyres Filled with Elastomeric Recycled Materials

Hadad

Calabrese

Strano

et al. 2016

Journal of Earthquake Engineering

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This article studies the performance of economic base isolators using tyres filled with elastomeric recycled materials. The research was conducted to analyse base isolators to be used in developing nations, where the application of conventional elastomeric rubber bearings due to economic reasons is limited.The tested isolators are made of kart tyres filled with different recycled elastomeric materials and aggregates. Dynamic and static tests proved acceptable vertical to horizontal stiffness ratio of the bearings and shake table tests showed an excellent enhancement of the base isolated structural response compared to the corresponding fixed base structure.

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Shear strength characteristics of sand-mixed with granular rubber

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

Vacuum packed particles as flexible endoscope guides with controllable rigidity

Vacuum packed particles as flexible endoscope guides with controllable rigidity

Preliminary laboratory assessments of a lightweight geocomposite material for embankment fill application

A Base Isolation System for Developing Countries Using Discarded Tyres Filled with Elastomeric Recycled Materials

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