Shear-wave measurements in laboratory sediments

Shirley, Donald J.; Hampton, L. D.

doi:10.1121/1.381760

Cited by 313 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…Bender element testing was initially developed by Shirley (1978) and Shirley & Hampton (1978). Bender=extender (BE) elements which are able to generate shear waves (S waves) and compression waves (P waves) were used in this research (Lings & Greening, 2001).…”

Section: Bender Element Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of the influence of surface roughness on soil stiffness

et al. 2015

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The nature of soil stiffness at small strains remains poorly understood. The relationship between soil stiffness (e.g. shear stiffness, G 0 ) and isotropic confining pressure ( p′) can be described using a power function with exponent (b), that is,, where A is a constant and p r is an arbitrary reference pressure. Experimentally determined values of b are usually around 0·5 and these are higher than the value of 0·33 that can be analytically determined using Hertzian theory. Hertzian theory considers contact between two smooth, elastic spheres; however, in reality, inter-particle contacts in soil are complex with particle shape and surface roughness affecting the interaction. Thus Hertzian theory is not directly applicable to predict real soil stiffness. It has, however, provided a useful basis to develop an analytical framework to consider the influence of particle surface roughness on small-strain soil stiffness. Here, earlier contributions using this framework are extended and improved by paying particular attention to roughness and the tangential contact stiffness. Stiffness values calculated using the newly derived analytical expressions were compared with the results of bender element tests on samples of borosilicate glass beads (ballotini) whose surface roughness was quantified using an optical interferometer. The analytical expression captures the experimentally observed sensitivity of the smallstrain shear modulus to surface roughness.

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Section: Bender Element Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of the influence of surface roughness on soil stiffness

et al. 2015

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“…Bender elements (BE) were first used to measure the velocity of shear waves (S-waves) in marine sediments (Shirley and Hampton 1978). A BE is a double layer transducer, composed of two thin piezoceramic plates rigidly attached to a metal core sheet with electrodes on its outer surface.…”

Section: Bender-extender Elements (Be)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Between Different Experimental Techniques for Stiffness Monitoring of Cement Pastes

Granja

Azenha

Sousa

et al. 2014

ACT

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In 2009, a new methodology for the continuous monitoring of E-modulus of cement-based materials since casting was proposed, under the designation EMM-ARM (E-modulus Measurement through Ambient Response Method). This methodology is a variant to classic resonant frequency methods that allows continuous stiffness monitoring from the instant of casting. After the encouraging results obtained in the first applications of EMM-ARM to cement pastes, the present paper gives continuity to previous developments, through validations with additional experimental methodologies and extension to thermal activation testing. At first, a comparison is performed between the results of EMM-ARM and those obtained through: pulse velocity methods (both ultrasonic contact probes and bender-extender elements), penetration resistance (Vicat needle) and cyclic compression on cylindrical specimens. Afterwards, the possibility of studying the activation energy of the stiffness evolution on tests conducted at 20ºC and 40ºC is explored.

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“…The BE method was introduced into general soil testing practice by Shirley and co-workers (Shirley 1978;Shirley and Hampton 1978). Dyvik and Madshus (1985) presented a more detailed BE design model, which forms the basis of much of the subsequent development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework Interpreting Bender Element Tests, Combining Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Methods

Fonseca¹,

Ferreira

Fahey

2009

Geotechnical Testing Journal

122

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ABSTRACT:Bender element (BE) testing is a powerful and increasingly common laboratory technique for determining the shear S-wave velocity of geomaterials. There are several advantages of BE testing, but there is no standard developed for the testing procedures or for the interpretation of the results. This leads to high degree of uncertainty and subjectivity in the interpretation. In this paper, the authors review the most common methods for the interpretation of BE tests, discuss some important technical requirements to minimize errors, and propose a practical framework for BE testing, based on the comparison of different interpretation techniques in order to obtain the most reliable value for the travel time. This new procedure consists of the application of a methodical, systematic, and objective approach for the interpretation of the results, in the time and frequency domains. The use of an automated tool enables unbiased information to be obtained regarding variations in the results to assist in the decision of the travel time. Two natural soils were tested: residual soil from Porto granite, and Toyoura sand. Specimens were subjected to the same isotropic stress conditions and the results obtained provided insights on the effects of soil type and confining stress on the interpretation of BE results; namely, the differences in testing dry versus saturated soils, and in testing uniform versus well-graded soils.

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Shear-wave measurements in laboratory sediments

Cited by 313 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative assessment of the influence of surface roughness on soil stiffness

Quantitative assessment of the influence of surface roughness on soil stiffness

Comparison Between Different Experimental Techniques for Stiffness Monitoring of Cement Pastes

A Framework Interpreting Bender Element Tests, Combining Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Methods

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