Shearing and Bending Effects at the Knee Joint at Low Speed Lateral Loading

Kajzer, Janusz; Schroeder, Guenter; Ishikawa, Hirotoshi; Matsui, Yasuhiro; Bösch, U.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-0712

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Varus-valgus strain has been identified by Teresinski and Madro as the most common mechanism for knee injury in pedestrians hit from the lateral side. The collateral knee ligaments are the most commonly injured ligamentous structures when the knee sustains a varus-valgus strain (Kajzer et al, 1990(Kajzer et al, , 1993(Kajzer et al, , 1997(Kajzer et al, , 1999 Automobile manufacturers are currently designing and testing front-end components in anticipation of proposed regulations for injury prevention of lower extremities in pedestrian-automobile collisions. As computational modeling is a powerful tool, several research groups have developed finite element (FE) models of the human lower extremity to evaluate potential pedestrian-injury countermeasures (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Rate-Dependent Mechanical Properties and Failure of Human Knee Ligaments

Dommelen¹,

Ivarsson²,

Minary‐Jolandan³

et al. 2005

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The structural properties of the four major human knee ligaments were investigated at different loading rates. Bone-ligament-bone specimens of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, obtained from post-mortem human donors, were tested in knee distraction loading in displacement control. All ligaments were tested in the anatomical position corresponding to a fully extended knee. The rate dependence of the structural response of the knee ligaments was investigated by applying loadingunloading cycles at a range of distraction rates. Ramps to failure were applied at knee distraction rates of 0.016 mm/s, 1.6 mm/s, or 1,600 mm/s. Averages and corridors were constructed for the force response and the failure point of the different ligaments and loading rates. The structural response of the knee ligaments was found to depend on the deformation rate, being both stiffer and more linear at high loading rates. This rate dependence was found to be more pronounced at high loading rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Rate-Dependent Mechanical Properties and Failure of Human Knee Ligaments

Dommelen¹,

Ivarsson²,

Minary‐Jolandan³

et al. 2005

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Since all the available data is for cadaver tests, the passive version of the A-LEMS was validated against loading and boundary conditions reported in [8,9,10]. These validation results have been presented in detail in [20].…”

Section: Description Of A-lemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far the lower limb injury mechanism in carpedestrian crashes has been studied through tests on human cadaver specimens [2,[6][7][8][9] and simulations using validated passive finite element (FE) models [3,13,17,18,20,21]. However, the major shortcoming in these existing experimental and computational studies is that they do not account for muscle action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of lower limb in full-scale car–pedestrian low-speed lateral impact – influence of muscle contraction

Soni

Chawla

Mukherjee

et al. 2009

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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This paper investigates the effect of muscle contraction on lower extremity injuries in car-pedestrian lateral impact. A full-body pedestrian model with active muscles has been developed. Finite element simulations have then been performed using the full-body model and front structure of a car. Two pre-impact conditions, that of a symmetrically standing pedestrian, representing a cadaver and an unaware pedestrian, have been simulated. Stretch-based reflexive action was included in the simulations for an unaware pedestrian. The results show that due to muscle contraction (1) peak strain in all the knee ligaments reduces, (2) von Mises stresses in tibia and fibula increase and may fail and (3) knee joint effective stiffness increases by 58% in lateral bending.

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“…In addition, small numbers of these studies have taken the entire front-end shape of a car model into account. As well as previous tests (Kajzer et al 1997(Kajzer et al , 1999Bose et al 2004), epidemiological studies from real-world accidents have also indicated that combined lateral bending and shearing effects could be responsible for knee joint injuries according to pedestrian loading environments (Teresinski and Madro 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%