Shebeens as spaces and places of informality, enterprise, drinking and sociability

Charman, Andrew; Petersen, Leif; Govender, Thiresh

doi:10.1080/03736245.2014.896281

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This means that policies and interventions targeting the consumption of unrecorded alcohol might be more suitable for reducing alcohol-attributable harm in people of low SES than the national alcohol policies listed above. Furthermore, policies could address drinking venues frequented by people of low SES, such as unlicensed alcohol outlets, also called shebeens [ 72 ]. Even when selling recorded alcohol, shebeens often operate outside the legal market, and policy measures to restrict availability and hours of sales do not reach unlicensed shebeens or their customers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current political strategy seems to focus on police raids, confiscations of liquor, and closing down of unlicensed outlets [ 73 , 74 ]. However, this practice fails to acknowledge the economic and social importance shebeens have for owners and customers [ 72 ]. Drivdal and Lawhon [ 74 ] proposed a plural regulation of shebeens based on a concerted effort of community leaders, shebeen owners, and residents, which could be the first step towards enforcement of closing hours, prevention of sales to minors and intoxicated people, and reduction of violence in and around shebeens [ 75 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The socioeconomic profile of alcohol-attributable mortality in South Africa: a modelling study

Probst

Parry

Wittchen

et al. 2018

BMC Med

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BackgroundGlobally, illness and life expectancy follow a social gradient that puts people of lower socioeconomic status (SES) at higher risk of dying prematurely. Alcohol consumption has been shown to be a factor contributing to socioeconomic differences in mortality. However, little evidence is available from low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to quantify mortality attributable to alcohol consumption in the adult (15+ years) general population of South Africa in 2015 by SES, age, and sex.MethodsA comparative risk assessment was performed using individual and aggregate data from South Africa and risk relations reported in the literature. Alcohol-attributable fractions (AAFs) and alcohol-attributable mortality rates were estimated for cause-specific mortality by SES, sex, and age. Monte Carlo simulation techniques were used to calculate 95% uncertainty intervals (UI).ResultsOverall, approximately 62,300 (95% UI 27,000–103,000) adults died from alcohol-attributable causes in South Africa in 2015, with 60% of deaths occurring in people in the low and 15% in the high SES groups. Age-standardized, alcohol-attributable mortality rates per 100,000 adults were highest for the low SES group (727 deaths, 95% UI 354–1208 deaths) followed by the middle (377 deaths, 95% UI 165–687 deaths) and high SES groups (163 deaths, 95% UI 71–289 deaths). The socioeconomic differences were highest for mortality from infectious diseases.People of low SES had a lower prevalence of current alcohol use but heavier drinking patterns among current drinkers. Among men, AAFs were elevated at low and middle SES, particularly for the middle and higher age groups (35+). Among women, AAFs differed less across SES groups and, in the youngest age group (15–34), women of high SES had elevated AAFs.ConclusionsAlcohol use contributed to vast socioeconomic differences in mortality. Where observed, elevated AAFs for people of low and middle SES arose from higher levels of consumption among current drinkers and not from the prevalence of current alcohol use per se. The findings can direct preventive measures and interventions on those at highest risk. Future research is needed to investigate socioeconomic differences in the risk functions relating alcohol use to cause-specific mortality.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12916-018-1080-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The socioeconomic profile of alcohol-attributable mortality in South Africa: a modelling study

Probst

Parry

Wittchen

et al. 2018

BMC Med

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“…The respondents referred to in this article participated in a workshop with the researchers and gave their consent to publicizing the findings (some names have been anonymized). We have described the spaces and places of these venues, examining with the help of drawings, photography and ethnographic description their diversity, and the influence of infrastructure and objectives on drinking (Govender, 2013; Charman et al., 2014). The main features that characterize these influences of space and place were presented through a virtual exhibition, which can be accessed via the Emergent City web portal (Emergent City, nd).…”

Section: Informal Drinking Venuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the position of formal venues is determined by real‐estate and market logic, the placement of shebeens is established through opportunism and local negotiation. Most shebeens are situated close to the protective environment of people's homes and can therefore be conceptualized as an extension of the domestic realm through their provision of public space in response to the absence of private space in the home itself (Charman et al ., 2014)—and the absence of public space in townships. The nuances that characterize different venues, and the social infrastructure of public drinking spaces that constitute the fabric of township nightlife, are alien to the ‘creative city’ notion of dynamic high streets.…”

Section: Informal Drinking Venuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Creative Night‐Time Leisure Economy of Informal Drinking Venues

Charman¹,

Govender²

2020

Int J Urban Regional Res

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In response to debates on emergent and rogue forms of urbanism that are reshaping the African city, this article examines the night‐time leisure economy as one particular social context in which the tensions and opposition between regulation/deregulation and informality play out. This article shows how ideas that centre on Northern entertainment spaces and drinking venues (bound with policy initiatives to reposition the city) have come to inform policy initiatives to regulate working‐class public spaces in South African cities with the objective of controlling unruliness. Through a case study of informal and illegal drinking venues in Sweet Home Farm, a slum settlement in Cape Town, we provide an insight into the ways in which people seek to reclaim social space and impose their own vision of the creative city. The article demonstrates that while illegal drinking venues can be imagined as ‘unruly, unpredictable, surprising [and] confounding’, they are characterized by a responsive agility to the social, cultural and physical environment. We argue that the capacity and tenacity of informal drinking venues to adapt to regulatory pressures present a range of possibilities for reimaging the night‐time leisure economy in ways that are inclusive of the poor and conducive to negotiation.

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“…and other stakeholders such as family, community, and religious members (Charman et al, 2014;Kiggundu, 2002, pp. 121-122;.…”

Section: Habitual Entrepreneurs In the Informal Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy

TEYI¹

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The informal economy accounts for the majority of global economic activities. Entrepreneurs significantly contribute to the growth of the informal economy. This thesis contributes to the growing literature on entrepreneurship in the informal economy by taking a strategy perspective. The thesis consists of three papers that examine strategic entrepreneurship in the informal economy at the early stages of the venture creation process. It also investigates the strategies entrepreneurs (who have successfully launched their firms) in the informal economy employ in response to adversity. Drawing on entrepreneurial identity literature, the first paper highlights important heterogeneities among entrepreneurs in the informal economy and how it shapes the different strategies entrepreneurs employ in adversity. We find four primary entrepreneurial identities in our sample and three response strategies closely related to these identities. The second paper focuses on the decision-making of prospective entrepreneurs. The paper examines the pre-entry search activities that individuals engage in as they search for information and learn about the viability and feasibility of their business idea. The paper shows that both individual (human capital) and external factors (embeddedness in informal institutions) when examined jointly and separately are essential in understanding entrepreneurial behavior at the earliest stage of the venture creation process. The third paper sheds light on entrepreneurial learning by examining the pre-entry search activities of habitual entrepreneurs during two spells of entrepreneurship. The paper shows a strong positive association between the number of pre-entry search activities that entrepreneurs conduct in both spells of entrepreneurship when they exceed their performance aspirations. This aligns with the literature on performance feedback, which suggests that organizations do not change their current strategy when seen to be successful. However, the notion that habitual entrepreneurs in the informal economy may pursue a repetitive ‘winning’ strategy contrasts with the findings that habitual entrepreneurs in the formal economy may pursue more innovative businesses. This may also help us understand why replicative businesses are common in the informal economy. In conclusion, this thesis finds that human capital is beneficial in conducting an extensive search during the entrepreneurial pre-entry stage. More so, being deeply embedded dampens the gains from having high human capital endowments, while being broadly embedded in a larger number of informal institutions strengthens the benefits of human capital. We also find that the positive association between the number of pre-entry steps taken in the first and second spells of entrepreneurship is stronger when entrepreneurs perform above their aspirations. Finally, our data reveals four entrepreneurial identities and three key response strategies that are closely related to entrepreneurial identities.

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Shebeens as spaces and places of informality, enterprise, drinking and sociability

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

The socioeconomic profile of alcohol-attributable mortality in South Africa: a modelling study

The socioeconomic profile of alcohol-attributable mortality in South Africa: a modelling study

The Creative Night‐Time Leisure Economy of Informal Drinking Venues

Strategic Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy

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