Shedding light on the Type Ia supernova extinction puzzle: dust location found

Bulla, Mattia; Goobar, A.; Dhawan, Suhail

doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1619

Cited by 29 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Amanullah et al (2015) showed that there is significant diversity in the value of R V for the observed host galaxy extinction in Type Ia supernovae and similar conclusions were reached for certain types of core-collapse SNe in Stritzinger et al (2018). In particular, lower values of R V are often found, (see Bulla et al 2018, for a proposed explanation). By selecting a value of R V on the upper range observed, we are assuming a relatively large attenuation by dust,…”

Section: Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Rates and Properties of Supernovae Strongly Gravitationally Lensed by Elliptical Galaxies in Time-domain Imaging Surveys

Goldstein¹,

Nugent²,

Goobar³

2019

ApJS

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Supernovae that are strongly gravitationally lensed (gLSNe) by galaxies are powerful probes of astrophysics and cosmology that will be discovered systematically by wide-field, high-cadence imaging surveys such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Here we use pixel-level simulations that include observing strategy, target selection, supernova properties, and dust to forecast the rates and properties of gLSNe that ZTF and LSST will find. Applying the resolution-insensitive discovery strategy of Goldstein et al. (2018), we forecast that ZTF (LSST) can discover 0.02 (0.79) 91bg-like, 0.17 (5.92) 91T-like, 1.22 (47.84) Type Ia, 2.76 (88.51) Type IIP, 0.31 (12.78) Type IIL, and 0.36 (15.43) Type Ib/c gLSNe per year. We also forecast that the surveys can discover at least 3.75 (209.32) Type IIn gLSNe per year, for a total of at least 8.60 (380.60) gLSNe per year under fiducial observing strategies. ZTF gLSNe have a median z s = 0.9, z l = 0.35, µ tot = 30, ∆t max = 10 days, min(θ) = 0.25 , and N img = 4. LSST gLSNe are less compact and less magnified, with a median z s = 1.0, z l = 0.4, µ tot ≈ 6, ∆t max = 25 days, min(θ) = 0.6 , and N img = 2. We develop a model of the supernova-host galaxy connection and find that the vast majority of gLSN host galaxies will be multiply imaged, enabling detailed constraints on lens models with sufficiently deep high-resolution imaging taken after the supernova has faded. We release the results of our simulations as catalogs at http://portal.nersc.gov/project/astro250/glsne/.

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Section: Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Rates and Properties of Supernovae Strongly Gravitationally Lensed by Elliptical Galaxies in Time-domain Imaging Surveys

Goldstein¹,

Nugent²,

Goobar³

2019

ApJS

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“…For example, SN Ia 2006X exhibited evolution in its Na I D absorption line that was interpreted as the photoionization of more distant CSM (Patat et al 2007). In a compilation of 17 SNe Ia with multi-epoch spectra, Sternberg et al (2014) find that ∼ 18% exhibit time-variable Na I D. Additionally, studies of large samples of SNe Ia (20-35 events) found Na I D to be blueshifted ∼ 20% more often than redshifted, and argued that this was best explained by outflowing CSM from the progenitor system (Sternberg et al 2011;Maguire et al 2013b), but see Bulla et al (2018) for an alternative explanation. In these SNe Ia the CSM is estimated to be 5×10 16 to 10 18 cm away from the explosion, which means that the fastest SN ejecta would not interact until > 1 yr. Additional support for late-time CSM interaction is presented by Fox & Filippenko (2013), who interpret an increase in Spitzer mid-infrared photometry for SN Ia 2005gj at 500-1000 d past peak brightness as dust heated by hot blackbody emission from new or renewed CSM interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Circumstellar Interaction for Type Ia SN 2015cp Revealed by an HST Ultraviolet Imaging Survey

Graham

Harris

Nugent

et al. 2019

ApJ

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The nature and role of the binary companion of carbon-oxygen white dwarf stars that explode as Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are not yet fully understood. Past detections of circumstellar material (CSM) that contain hydrogen for a small number of SN Ia progenitor systems suggest that at least some have a nondegenerate companion. In order to constrain the prevalence, location, and quantity of CSM in SN Ia systems, we performed a near-ultraviolet (NUV) survey with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to look for the high-energy signature of SN Ia ejecta interacting with CSM. Our survey revealed that SN 2015cp, a SN 1991T-like overluminous SN Ia, was experiencing late-onset interaction between its ejecta and surrounding CSM at 664 days after its light-curve peak. We present ground-and spacebased follow-up observations of SN 2015cp that reveal optical emission lines of H and Ca, typical signatures of ejecta-CSM interaction. We show how SN 2015cp was likely similar to the well-studied SN Ia-CSM event PTF11kx, making it the second case in which an unambiguously classified SN Ia was observed to interact with a distant shell of CSM that contains hydrogen (R CSM 10 16 cm). The remainder of our HST NUV images of SNe Ia were nondetections that we use to constrain the occurrence rate of observable late-onset CSM interaction. We apply theoretical models for the emission from ejecta-CSM interaction to our NUV nondetections, and place upper limits on the mass and radial extent of CSM in SN Ia progenitor systems.

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“…Understanding the distance and physical properties of dust clouds to SNe Ia is essential for inferring the intrinsic SN light curve as shown previously (Goobar 2008;Bulla et al 2018) as well as in this paper.…”

Section: Constraining the Distance And Properties Of Dusty Clouds Towmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Moreover, as shown in Figure 6, the color excess E(B − V ) by dust extinction first increases with time and then it declines slowly. This trend may already be seen toward many SNe Ia (see Bulla et al 2018).…”

Section: Effect Of Ratd On Sne Ia Colors and Light Curvesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…We note that the cloud distance of some SNe Ia were constrained in Bulla et al (2018) using the timevariation of color excess E(B−V ) caused by scattering of photons by dust. Yet, their analysis assumed a standard grain size distribution from the Milky way which cannot reproduce the unusual low values of R V and λ max .…”

Section: Constraining the Distance And Properties Of Dusty Clouds Towmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-varying Extinction, Polarization, and Colors of Type Ia Supernovae due to Rotational Disruption of Dust Grains

Giang¹,

Hoang²,

Tram³

2020

ApJ

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Photometric and polarimetric observations toward type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) frequently report an unusually low total-to-selective extinction ratio (R V < 2) and small peak wavelength of polarization (λ max < 0.4 µm). Recently, Hoang et al. proposed that the increase in the abundance of small grains relative to large grains near SNe Ia due to RAdiative Torque Disruption (RATD) can explain this puzzle. To test this scenario, we will perform detailed modeling of dust extinction and polarization of SNe Ia accounting for grain disruption by RATD and grain alignment by RAdiative Torques (RATs). For dust clouds at distance d < 4 pc from the source, we find that R V decreases rapidly from the standard value of 3.1 to ∼ 1.5 after a disruption time t disr < 40 days. We then calculate the observed SNe Ia light curve and find that the colors of SNe Ia would change with time due to time-varying extinction for dust clouds at distance d < 4 pc. We also calculate the wavelength-dependence polarization produced by grains aligned with the magnetic fields by RATs. We find that λ max decreases rapidly from ∼ 0.55 µm to ∼ 0.15 µm over an alignment time of t align < 10 days due to the enhanced alignment of small grains. By fitting the theoretical polarization curve with the Serkowski law, we find that the parameter K from the Serkowski law increases when large grains are disrupted by RATD which can explain the K vs. λ max data observed for SNe Ia. Finally, we discover an anti-correlation between K and R V which might already be supported by SNe Ia observational data. Our results demonstrate the important effect of rotational disruption of dust grains by radiative torques on the time-dependent extinction, polarization, and colors of SNe Ia.

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Shedding light on the Type Ia supernova extinction puzzle: dust location found

Cited by 29 publications

References 82 publications

Rates and Properties of Supernovae Strongly Gravitationally Lensed by Elliptical Galaxies in Time-domain Imaging Surveys

Rates and Properties of Supernovae Strongly Gravitationally Lensed by Elliptical Galaxies in Time-domain Imaging Surveys

Delayed Circumstellar Interaction for Type Ia SN 2015cp Revealed by an HST Ultraviolet Imaging Survey

Time-varying Extinction, Polarization, and Colors of Type Ia Supernovae due to Rotational Disruption of Dust Grains

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