Shedding of Cytomegalovirus and Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 in Saliva of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected Patients and Healthy Controls

Lucht, E; Brytting, Maria; Bjerregaard, Lotte; Julander, Inger; Linde, Annika

doi:10.1086/514604

Cited by 74 publications

(73 citation statements)

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“…These data are consistent with other studies that showed high CMV and EBV salivary shedding among more immunosuppressed patients in comparison with HIV-seronegative individuals 4,7,10 . Even in patients submitted to HAART, EBV and CMV shedding appears to persist at a higher frequency compared with HIV-uninfected controls 8,12 . This finding is in agreement with other studies in Brazil that also showed a high prevalence of CMV and EBV in HIV-seropositive patients 10;35 .…”

Section: Ethicalmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The transmission of these viruses occurs by contact with infected secretions, especially saliva [3][4][5][6] . The majority of HHV infected individuals show no clinical symptoms, but can shed HHVs asymptomatically in saliva 4,7,8 .…”

Section: Article/artigomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the high frequencies of HHVs in saliva from HIV-infected patients, none of these patients presented oral lesions due to HHV activity. This could be explained by the fact that HHVs are frequently shed asymptomatically in the saliva of HIV-infected patients under HAART 4,8,31,32 .…”

Section: Ethicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PCR detection of multiple human herpesvirus DNA in saliva from HIV-infected individuals in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil

Carvalho

Silvestre

Maciel

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Human herpesviruses are frequently associated with orofacial diseases in humans (HSV-1, EBV, CMV and HHV-8), some can also cause systemic disease . The transmission of these viruses occurs by contact with infected secretions, especially saliva. Human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with an increased risk of HHVs and related diseases. Methods: This work aimed to detect HSV-1, EBV, CMV and HHV-8 DNA in saliva of HIV-infected patients from Teresina, northeast Brazil, by PCR and compare these findings with age and sex matched HIV-seronegative individuals. Results: No difference in prevalence was verified between HHV detection in the saliva of HIV-seropositive individuals and controls. The individual frequencies of these viruses in these two populations were different. HIV seropositivity correlated positively with the presence of CMV (OR: 18.2, p= 0.00032) and EBV (OR: 3.44, p= 0.0081). No association between CD4 counts and the prevalence of HHVs in the saliva was observed; however, a strong association was determined between seropositivity and the presence of multiple HHV DNAs in saliva (OR: 4.83, p = 0.0028). Conclusions: These findings suggest the asymptomatic salivary shedding of HHVs is a common event between HIV-seropositive and seronegative individuals from Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, and, especially for HIV-seropositive patients, saliva is a risk factor for the acquisition/transmission of multiple HHVs. Key-words:Human herpesvirus. Saliva. PCR. HIV seropositive. RESUMOIntrodução: Alguns herpesvírus humanos são frequentemente associados a doenças orofaciais em humanos. A transmissão destes vírus ocorre através do contato com secreções contaminadas, especialmente a saliva. A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana é considerada um fator de risco para a aquisição de HHVs e doenças correlatas. Métodos: Este trabalho teve como objetivo detectar por PCR o DNA de HSV-1, EBV, CMV e HHV-8 na saliva de pacientes infectados com HIV em Teresina, nordeste do Brasil, e comparar os dados obtidos com o grupo controle (indivíduos HIV negativos). Resultados: Não há diferença na prevalência de detecção de HHVs na saliva de indivíduos HIV soropositivos e soronegativos. No entanto, as frequências individuais de detecção dos diferentes HHVs são diferentes entre estas duas populações. A soropositividade para HIV apresentou correlação positiva com a presença de CMV (OR: 18,2, p = 0,00032) e EBV (OR: 3,44, p = 0,0081). Não foi verificada nenhuma associação entre a contagem de CD4 e prevalência de HHVs na saliva, no entanto existe uma forte associação entre a soropositividade e a detecção do DNA de vários HHVs na saliva (OR: 4,83, p = 0,0028). Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que a transmissão salivar de HHVs é um evento comum entre os indivíduos HIV soropositivos e soronegativos de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, e, especialmente para os pacientes soropositivos, a saliva é um fator de risco para a aquisição/transmissão de múltiplos HHVs.Palavras-chaves: Herpesvirus humanos. Saliva. PCR. HIV sorop...

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Section: Ethicalmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Article/artigomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

PCR detection of multiple human herpesvirus DNA in saliva from HIV-infected individuals in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil

Carvalho

Silvestre

Maciel

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…In one study, HHV-8 DNA was found in unstimulated whole saliva from 25 of 76 HIV-infected individuals without oral KS 23 , and another study showed HHV-8 in the saliva of individuals having no detectable viral sequences in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells 24 . In addition, HHV-8 DNA was detected in the saliva of 5 of 29 (17%) symptomatic HIV-infected patients (only 1 had oral KS at the time of sampling), but in none of 15 healthy controls 25 or in any of 39 HIV-negative patients 26 .…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hhv-8 -Aspects Of Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma

Leão¹,

Caterino–de–Araujo

Porter

et al. 2002

Rev. Hosp. Clin.

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OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature on human herpesvirus 8 with particular attention to the aspects related to the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors searched original research and review articles on specific aspects of human herpesvirus 8 infection, including virology, epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, natural history, therapy, and Kaposi's sarcoma etiopathogenesis. The relevant material was evaluated and reviewed. RESULTS: Human herpesvirus 8 is a recently discovered DNA virus that is present throughout the world but with major geographic variation. In the Western world, the virus, transmitted mainly by means of sexual contact, is strongly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and body cavity-based lymphoma and more controversially with multiple myeloma and other non-proliferative disorders. There is no specific effective treatment, but HIV protease inhibitors may play an indirect role in the clearance of human herpesvirus 8 DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected patients. Human herpesvirus 8 DNA is present in saliva, but there are as yet no documented cases of nosocomial transmission to health care workers. The prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 among health care workers is probably similar to that in the general population. CONCLUSION: Human herpesvirus 8 appears to be, at least in Western Europe and United States, restricted to a population at risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. Human herpesvirus 8 certainly has the means to overcome cellular control and immune responses and thus predispose carriers to malignancy, particularly Kaposi's sarcoma. The wide diffusion of Human herpesvirus 8 in classic Kaposi's sarcoma areas appears to represent an important factor in the high incidence of the disease. However, additional co-factors are likely to play a role in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma.

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“…9 Shedding of EBV in the saliva of healthy carriers occurs frequently, 17 whereas oral shedding of CMV, apart from congenital or primary infection, is seen mostly in immunocompromised patients. 18 To our knowledge, no studies have been performed that prospectively sampled HSCT patients, regardless of the presence of oral ulcers, and quantitatively analyzed the presence of HSV-1, EBV and CMV DNA. Also, no data are available on the differential role of herpesvirus excretion on ulcerations at oral sites that may be affected by chemoradiation-induced oral mucositis (nonkeratinized mucosa) and at sites atypical for chemoradiationinduced mucositis (keratinized mucosa).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral loads and antiviral resistance of herpesviruses and oral ulcerations in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

Beek

Laheij

Raber-Durlacher

et al. 2012

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Ulcerative oral mucositis and infection are frequent complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral ulcerations and HSV-1, EBV and CMV excretion and the presence of aciclovir-resistant HSV-1 strains in HSCT recipients. This prospective observational study included 49 adult patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT. In total, 26 patients received myeloablative and 23 received non-myeloablative conditioning. Ulcerations on non-keratinized and keratinized oral mucosa were scored and oral rinsing samples were taken twice weekly. Viral loads were determined by real-time PCR. Samples from patients remaining HSV-1 positive despite antiviral treatment were studied for resistance to antivirals. Having an HSV-1 or EBV DNA --positive sample was a significant predictor for ulceration of keratinized mucosa. HSV-1 was a significant predictor for ulcerations on non-keratinized mucosa as well. Persistent HSV-1 infection occurred in 12 of 28 patients treated with antiviral medication and aciclovir-resistant HSV-1 was found in 5 persistent infections. In conclusion, HSV-1 is a predictor of ulcerations on non-keratinized as well as keratinized oral mucosa following HSCT. The role of EBV deserves further study. Persistent HSV-1 replication despite antiviral treatment is common and is due to resistance in 18% of treated patients.

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Shedding of Cytomegalovirus and Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 in Saliva of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected Patients and Healthy Controls

Cited by 74 publications

References 3 publications

PCR detection of multiple human herpesvirus DNA in saliva from HIV-infected individuals in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil

PCR detection of multiple human herpesvirus DNA in saliva from HIV-infected individuals in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and the etiopathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma

Viral loads and antiviral resistance of herpesviruses and oral ulcerations in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients

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