Sheep and Pigs as Animal Models of Bacteremia

Dehring, Deborah J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76736-4_72

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Canine models of hemorrhagic shock cannot be used to study gut (translocation) changes, as a species-specific pooling of splanchnic blood with concomitant bleeding in the intestine is present. Porcine and ovine (goat) models should be used with care when pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) or reticuloendothelial system (RES) clearance is to be studied, because in these models (in contrast to humans) the RES is prevalent in the pulmonary region [72] (due to intravascular macrophages). This situation results in a PAP response (e.g., at endotoxin challenge [73]) that is not seen in humans [74], baboons [19], or chimpanzees [16].…”

Section: At the Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models as the Basis of Pharmacologic Intervention in Trauma and Sepsis Patients

et al. 1996

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With limited resources and the current concerns about using animals for research purposes, the needs must be clear when setting up trauma and sepsis experiments for pharmacologic interventions. Such interventions are performed typically for four reasons: (1) to study the pathophysiologic role of certain mediators (which can be influenced by pharmacologic agents); (2) to study the therapeutic efficacy of treatment strategies; (3) to study the overall safety of new drugs under trauma/sepsis conditions, which are adjunct studies to standard toxicology; (4) to test new diagnostic procedures in a defined trauma or sepsis setting. Intervention in the inflammatory response may be performed at several levels: (1) at the primary induction site (e.g., by antilipopolysaccharide or by preventing complement activation); (2) at the intermediate mediator level (e.g., by antitumor necrosis factor); (3) at the final mediator level (e.g. , by block of polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, and (4) at the target (e.g., by membrane stabilization or enhanced antioxidant defense).

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Section: At the Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models as the Basis of Pharmacologic Intervention in Trauma and Sepsis Patients

et al. 1996

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“…The primary strength of pigs for a traumatic/hemorrhagic shock model is their anatomic and physiological similarity to humans with respect to the cardiovascular system, metabolic response, renal system, digestive tract, skin, and nutritional requirements [11][12][13]. Differences to humans with respect to the pulmonary artery pressure response, reticuloendothelial system clearance or propensity to develop malignant hyperthermia [14,15] should be handled with caution. Dogs are also commonly used for traumatic/hemorrhagic shock models [16][17][18].…”

Section: Limitations Of Animal Models: the Controversy Between Aim Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Paradigms in Animal Models of Traumatic/Hemorrhagic Shock

Rixen

Neugebauer

2004

Eur J Trauma

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European Journal of Trauma Ab stractTo understand the complex network of pathophysiology after traumatic/hemorrhagic shock, mankind was particularly successful in using reductionistic approaches such as animal models to study the biology/physiology of "normal" states, to compare this with "pathologic" disease states and/or to follow the changes after modulation of pathologic states. One rationale for the study of animals is to discover and to develop effective therapies of traumatic/hemorrhagic shock that will lead to clinical testing in human patients. In this respect, three traditional traumatic/hemorrhagic shock models (uncontrolled bleeding, controlled fixed bleeding volume, and controlled decrements in blood pressure) are commonly applied, but must be critically reevaluated with regard to their clinical relevance under consideration of today's changing paradigms of knowledge on the pathophysiology of traumatic/hemorrhagic shock. Traumatic/hemorrhagic shock models with the endpoint of inadequate organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation mirror modern understandings of traumatic/hemorrhagic shock and seemed to be a solid basis for future investigations. Regarding this, the benefits of an "oxygen debt" shock model are discussed. With increasing knowledge in traumatic/hemorrhagic shock even further models may be necessary in the future.

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“…Studies using porcine and ovine models should be interpreted with care when pulmonary artery pressure response or reticuloendothelial systems (RES) clearance is measured. In contrast to humans, RES activity in these species is mediated by intravascular macrophages that are especially prevalent in the pulmonary region (5). The special RES location results in a pulmonary artery pressure response, for example, at endotoxin challenge (6), that is not seen in humans (7), baboon (8), or chimpanzees (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Large Animal Models: Baboons for Trauma, Shock, and Sepsis Studies

Redl

Bahrami

2005

Shock

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A few limited examples of large animal models are outlined, with the main emphasis on baboon models. The baboon offers all the advantages of a large animal and is comparable with humans in nearly all physiological and immunological aspects. In addition, cross-reactivity with human therapeutic and diagnostic reagents allows testing of new species-specific therapies such as antihuman antibodies, on the one hand, and monitoring with available human analytical procedures, on the other.

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Sheep and Pigs as Animal Models of Bacteremia

Cited by 4 publications

References 76 publications

Animal Models as the Basis of Pharmacologic Intervention in Trauma and Sepsis Patients

Animal Models as the Basis of Pharmacologic Intervention in Trauma and Sepsis Patients

Changing Paradigms in Animal Models of Traumatic/Hemorrhagic Shock

Large Animal Models: Baboons for Trauma, Shock, and Sepsis Studies

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