Sheet, ligament and droplet formation in swirling primary atomization

Shao, Changxiao; Luo, Kun; Chai, Min; Fan, Jianren

doi:10.1063/1.5017162

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Due to the swirling movement near the nozzle, spray sheets are formed primarily during fuel injection. In that instance, several forces, such as inertial force, viscous force, surface tension force, and centrifugal force, play an essential role in the formation of the spray sheet, 51 in which surface tension force and viscous force prevent the deformation of the liquid. In contrast, inertial force and centrifugal force lead to the disintegration and break-up of liquid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray characterization of boron-loaded slurry fuels using high-speed imaging technique

Prabhudeva

Ojha

Karmakar

2023

International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

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The characterization of atomized spray in terms of its structure, break-up, and droplet morphology is crucial to analyze an engine's performance. Therefore, in this study, the spray characteristics of boron-laden slurry fuels have been evaluated experimentally through a high-speed imaging technique. The rheological properties of the boron-loaded slurry fuels have been measured and their impact on the atomization behavior has been qualitatively analyzed. The spray cone angle, penetration length, sheet break-up length, ligament length, ligament diameter, and droplet diameter distribution are obtained by processing the time-sequences images. The experiments were performed at three atomizing air-to-liquid ratios (ALR). Spray characteristics of the fuel samples with various particle loadings (10%, 20%, and 30%) have been analyzed and compared with that of the pure Jet A-1. The obtained results were qualitatively analyzed with different non-dimensional parameters, such as Momentum flux ratio, Weber number, Ohensorge number, and Reynolds number. The results show that an increase in viscosity due to particle loading significantly affects the spray characteristics. However, a better atomization behavior of boron slurry fuel at higher ALR than low ALR, even with higher particle loading, has been observed. This is possibly due to the change in momentum flux ratio at higher atomizing air velocity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray characterization of boron-loaded slurry fuels using high-speed imaging technique

Prabhudeva

Ojha

Karmakar

2023

International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

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“…Perforations arise randomly on the sheet of the water discharged from the standard flat-fan nozzle, 28,29 and it is hypothesized that they are produced by the modulation of sheet thickness induced by surface disturbance. 30 It is not clear whether surface disturbance is the main factor underlying the generation of perforations on the spray sheet of an air-induction nozzle. If the air intake holes of the air-induction nozzle are blocked (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of the evolution of bubbles in the spray sheet discharged from the air‐induction nozzle

Gong

Kang

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The air‐induction nozzle greatly reduces drift potential by increasing spray droplet size compared with a standard flat‐fan nozzle. The current study aims to reveal the mechanism behind the formation of large droplets through the air‐induction nozzle from the aspect of bubble evolution in the spray sheet. RESULTS Bubble break‐up leads directly to the formation of perforations because large bubbles reach both sides of the spray sheet. The surface disturbance induced by bubble break‐up modulates spray sheet thickness, which indirectly leads to the generation of perforations. Compared with the spray pressure, nozzle configuration has a more significant effect on both the volumetric flow rate of intake air and the thickness of the spray sheet. As the nozzle is changed from ID‐120‐01 to ID‐120‐05, the volumetric flow rate of intake air increases by 801.30% at a spray pressure of 0.3 MPa, whereas spray sheet thickness increases by 412.50% at a radial distance of 10 mm. CONCLUSION Bubble break‐up is the main reason for the generation of perforations within an air‐induction nozzle, leading to early break‐up of the spray sheet and the production of large spray droplets. Bubble break‐up can be effectively controlled by modifying the nozzle configuration.

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“…Atomization takes place at the nozzle; therefore, intact liquid core length is zero. Here, droplets of much smaller size compared to nozzle jet diameter are formed (Shao et al 2018b). This is a very relevant zone for direct fuel injection diesel engines.…”

Section: Primary Spray Breakupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray Breakup Modelling for Internal Combustion Engines

Sonawane

Ágarwal

2021

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability

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Rising concerns about emissions have led to a significant tightening of pollution norms for internal combustion (IC) engines. High-pressure direct injection (HPDI) technologies have been adopted for most on-road and off-road engines to meet the global demand for clean and efficient powertrains. Higher fuel efficiency, superior combustion, and lower pollutant formation are the characteristic features of the HPDI. The introduction of alternative fuels, modified combustion geometry, and novel combustion concepts demand continuous improvement in fuel injection equipment (FIE). The complicated physics of HPDI and its modelling is an active area of research among researchers and engine developers. Fuel-injected in the combustion chamber breaks up into a spray of fine droplets, evaporating, mixing with ambient air, and forming a fuel-air mixture, greatly affecting the engine combustion and emission characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to study the fuel breakup phenomenon under different engine conditions comprehensively. Detailed understanding of the spray breakup phenomenon is unavailable due to difficulties in optical access, highly dense sprays, complex processes, etc. However, recent advances in measurement technologies and computational tools have made it feasible for researchers. This chapter attempts to capture widely used spray breakup models and research studies involving IC engines. Fundamental spray breakup and atomization have been discussed at the beginning of the chapter. Subsequently, the basis and fundamentals of popular spray models have been discussed. Finally, the authors have comprehensively discussed the key contributions in sprays to provide an overall idea about the spray models and their application for IC engine studies. Various spray breakup models such as Blob Model, Linear Instability Sheet Atomization (LISA) Model, Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) Model, Kelvin-Helmholtz-Aerodynamics Cavitation Turbulence (KH-ACT) Model, RT (Rayleigh-Taylor) Model, Hybrid/Modified Kelvin-Helmholtz Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) Model, Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) Model, Enhanced TAB breakup model (ETAB) are discussed briefly in this chapter. Towards the end, a summary of the contents of the chapter is provided, which covers highlights and significant observations.

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Sheet, ligament and droplet formation in swirling primary atomization

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Spray characterization of boron-loaded slurry fuels using high-speed imaging technique

Spray characterization of boron-loaded slurry fuels using high-speed imaging technique

Visualization of the evolution of bubbles in the spray sheet discharged from the air‐induction nozzle

Spray Breakup Modelling for Internal Combustion Engines

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