Four different dietary fibers were studied: oat fiber (AS), apple fiber (MD), carrot fiber (DC), and cocoa fiber (TC) and control sample. The muffins were produced to achieve more than 6 g/100 g of the final product. Each muffin with dietary fiber was packed in MAP with an initial gas mixture: 25% CO 2 , 50% CO 2 , 75% CO 2 , 100% CO 2 using nitrogen as an inert gas in MAP system. The quality of muffins was examined on the 1st and 15th day of packaging. We have observed that the firmness of the control sample was mainly dependent on CO 2 concentration in the MAP. The interaction between the CO 2 and days most significantly affected the firmness of DC samples. The firmness of MD samples was mostly affected by the CO 2 level. The opposite was with AS samples, where the springiness was significantly dependent on the interaction between the CO 2 and N 2 interaction, similar to TC. DC samples were affected slightly by the interaction between the CO 2 and the day. The optimized composition of gases to MAP for each of the muffins with dietary fiber was developed. The verification of the model stated that for the control sample, the CO 2 was 98.2%, AS-62.7%, DC-87.0%, TC-92.0%, and MD-76.5%.
Practical applicationAccording to WHO Report 2015 about obesity, around 17% of children and more than 30% of adults are currently considered obese so the obesity epidemic remains one of the nation's most severe health crises. One way to prevent this disease is to reduce the intake of fat or sugar and be comparable to conventional products according to consumer acceptance. Therefore, in the present work, we have developed an innovative packaging system in which the dough (i.e., muffins) is loaded with increased dietary fiber content and increased antioxidant status to maintain their healthy value.For this purpose, an effective statistical method-response surface methodology, which is appropriate for optimization of processes or formulations, was used. The technology of storage of high-fiber muffins was developed to prevent deterioration and prevent a decrease in quality. K E Y W O R D S dietary fiber, MAP, muffins, optimization J Food Process Eng. 2017;40:e12494.