Shells in a toroidal nucleus in the intermediate-mass region

Abstract

Attention is fixed on shells in toroidal nuclei in the intermediate mass region using a toroidal singleparticle potential. We find that there are toroidal shells in the intermediate mass region with large single-particle energy gaps at various nucleon numbers located at different toroidal deformations characterized by the aspect ratios of toroidal major to minor radius. These toroidal shells provide extra stability at various toroidal deformations. Relative to a toroidal core, Bohr-Mottelson spinaligning particle-hole excitations may be constructed to occupy the lowest single-particle Routhian energies to lead to toroidal high-spin isomers with different spins. Furthermore, because a nucleon in a toroidal nucleus possesses a vorticity quantum number, toroidal vortex nuclei may be constructed by making particle-hole excitations in which nucleons of one type of vorticity are promoted to populate un-occupied single-particle orbitals of the opposite vorticity. Methods for producing toroidal high-spin isomers and toroidal vortex nuclei are discussed.

α and α Conjugate Fragment Decay from the Disassembly of 28Si at Very High Excitation Energy

“…A couple of theoretical calculations using toroidal shell model and covariant density functional theory are carried out and satisfactory agreement with data is obtained. Please refer to Refs [18,19,25,26] for more experimental and theoretical details due to the limited space here.…”

Hyperheavy spherical and toroidal nuclei: the role of shell structure

“…It is well known that the presence of large gaps in proton and neutron single-particle energies leads to an extra stability of nuclear systems. So far, the analysis of toroidal shell structure at spin I = 0 has been performed in light nuclei [5,51], in the intermediate mass region nuclei [52] and in superheavy Z ≈ 120 nuclei [15,17]. Such an analysis was based either on phenomenological toroidal single-particle potential (see Refs.…”

“…Such an analysis was based either on phenomenological toroidal single-particle potential (see Refs. [5,51,52]) or on Skyrme DFT calculations (see Refs. [15,17,51]).…”

Toroidal states in 28Si with covariant density functional theory in 3D lattice space

“…Recent investigation on shells in a toroidal nucleus in the intermediate-mass region with the toroidal potential can be found in Ref. [6].The microscopic and self-consistent nuclear energy density functional theories (DFTs) [7][8][9][10] have also been used to investigate the toroidal states in both superheavy [11][12][13][14] and light nuclei [15][16][17][18][19][20]. In particular, for the high-spin toroidal states, a toroidal state with an angular momentum of 60 along the symmetry axis in 40 Ca has been obtained with the cranking Skyrme DFT [16].…”

“…Recent investigation on shells in a toroidal nucleus in the intermediate-mass region with the toroidal potential can be found in Ref. [6].…”