Shelter-in-place and mental health: An analogue study of well-being and distress

Dailey, Stephanie F.; Kaplan, David S.

doi:10.5055/jem.2014.0166

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…However, we find that the risk model for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is nuanced—while the highest risk of transmission is in crowded and enclosed settings, casual social interaction in some public settings have a lower risk. In addition, as the pandemic progresses and concern with physical distancing measures (so-called “quarantine fatigue”) gain momentum [ 109 ], public communications surrounding these measures should convey this continuum of risk based on the transmission dynamics across different settings, supporting sustainable longer-term behavior changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate and associated risk factors

et al. 2020

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Introduction Current SARS-CoV-2 containment measures rely on controlling viral transmission. Effective prioritization can be determined by understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of the secondary attack rate (SAR) in household and healthcare settings. We also examined whether household transmission differed by symptom status of index case, adult and children, and relationship to index case. Methods We searched PubMed, medRxiv, and bioRxiv databases between January 1 and July 25, 2020. High-quality studies presenting original data for calculating point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were included. Random effects models were constructed to pool SAR in household and healthcare settings. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger's meta-regression test. Results 43 studies met the inclusion criteria for household SAR, 18 for healthcare SAR, and 17 for other settings. The pooled household SAR was 18.1% (95% CI: 15.7%, 20.6%), with significant heterogeneity across studies ranging from 3.9% to 54.9%. SAR of symptomatic index cases was higher than asymptomatic cases (RR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.46, 7.14). Adults showed higher susceptibility to infection than children (RR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.17). Spouses of index cases were more likely to be infected compared to other household contacts (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.79, 3.19). In healthcare settings, SAR was estimated at 0.7% (95% CI: 0.4%, 1.0%).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(so-called "quarantine fatigue") gain momentum [109], public communications surrounding these measures should convey this continuum of risk based on the transmission dynamics across different settings, supporting sustainable longer-term behavior changes.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate and associated risk factors

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, as anxiety with physical distancing measures (so-called "quarantine fatigue") gain momentum (132), public communications surrounding these measures should convey this continuum of risk based on the transmission dynamics across different settings, supporting sustainable longer-term behavior changes.…”

Section: Secondary Attack Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate, serial interval, and asymptomatic infection

Koh

Naing

Rosledzana

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Current SARS-CoV-2 containment measures rely on the capacity to control person-to-person viral transmission. Effective prioritization of these measures can be determined by understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of three parameters: (i) secondary attack rate (SAR) in various settings, (ii) clinical onset serial interval (SI), and (iii) the proportion of asymptomatic infection. Methods and Findings We searched PubMed, medRxiv, and bioRxiv databases between January 1, 2020, and May 15, 2020, for articles describing SARS-CoV-2 attack rate, SI, and asymptomatic infection. Studies were included if they presented original data for estimating point estimates and 95% confidence intervals of the three parameters. Random effects models were constructed to pool SAR, mean SI, and asymptomatic proportion. Risk ratios were used to examine differences in transmission risk by setting, type of contact, and symptom status of the index case. Publication and related bias were assessed by funnel plots and Egger's meta-regression test for small-study effects. Our search strategy for SAR, SI, and asymptomatic infection identified 459, 572, and 1624 studies respectively. Of these, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria for SAR, 18 studies for SI, and 66 studies for asymptomatic infection. We estimated the pooled household SAR at 15.4% (95% CI: 12.2%, 18.7%) compared to 4.0% (95% CI: 2.8%, 5.2%) in non-household settings. We observed variation across settings; however, the small number of studies limited power to detect associations and sources of heterogeneity. SAR of symptomatic index cases is significantly higher than cases that were symptom-free at diagnosis (RR 2.55, 95% CI: 1.47, 4.45). Adults appear to be more susceptible to transmission than children (RR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.96). The pooled mean SI is estimated at 4.87 days (95% CI: 3.98, 5.77). The pooled proportion of cases who had no symptoms at diagnosis is 25.9% (95% CI: 18.8%, 33.1%). Conclusions Based our pooled estimates, 10 infected symptomatic persons living with 100 contacts would result in 15 additional cases in <5 days. To be effective, quarantine of contacts should occur within 3 days of symptom onset. If testing and tracing relies on symptoms, one-quarter of cases would be missed. As such, while aggressive contact tracing strategies may be appropriate early in an outbreak, as it progresses, control measures should transition to account for SAR variability across settings. Targeted strategies focusing on high-density enclosed settings may be effective without overly restricting social movement.

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“…Previous research suggests that those who are quarantined are at increased risk for psychological distress 55 . One study suggested that those who are sheltering at home with their family are not likely to experience marked distress 56 . Providing additional support to staff members who are isolated or quarantined is warranted including strategies such as emphasizing the importance of staying connected with their primary support network, maintaining a sense of meaning and purpose through work to help others either possibly using telemedicine or other outreach efforts and monitoring for symptoms suggestive of post‐traumatic stress disorder.…”

Section: Wellness and Resource Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 One study suggested that those who are sheltering at home with their family are not likely to experience marked distress. 56 Providing additional support to staff members experiencing the highly stressful combination of caring for very ill patients, being concerned for the well-being of fellow coworkers and potentially facing exposure to the virus themselves. Ultimately, utilizing existing resources including employee assistance programs, physician well-being teams, wellness programs or peer support may enhance staff resilience in the setting of prolonged stress from the pandemic.…”

Section: Medical Distancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID‐19 pandemic: A community approach

Cravedi

Schold

Safa

et al. 2020

Clinical Transplantation

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An unprecedented global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has quickly overwhelmed the health care systems worldwide. While there is an absence of consensus among the community in how to manage solid organ transplant recipients and donors, a platform provided by the American Society of Transplantation online community "Outstanding Questions in Transplantation," hosted a collaborative multicenter, multinational discussions to share knowledge in a rapidly evolving global situation. Here, we present a summary of the discussion in addition to the latest published literature.

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Shelter-in-place and mental health: An analogue study of well-being and distress

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate and associated risk factors

What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate and associated risk factors

What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 transmission? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate, serial interval, and asymptomatic infection

The COVID‐19 pandemic: A community approach

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