Shielding Failure of High-Voltage Substations: A Fractal-Based Approach for Negative and Positive Lightning

Ioannidis, Alexios I.; Tsovilis, Thomas E.

doi:10.1109/tia.2021.3064546

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Actually, this criterion dictates the uniform grid spacing used for the 3-D domain discretization. Values of 1.4 and 2.9 m were selected for negative [29] and positive [30] lightning, respectively, in line with the critical streamer length for stable upward leader inception given by Petrov and Waters [46], [47]; it is noted that as an approximation the same spatial step was adopted for the DL and upward leaders although the descending stepped leader propagates in significantly larger discrete steps in natural lightning [47]. These values are small compared to the total kilometer-range lightning discharge path, thus, the employed code acceleration techniques [42] are vital for the required multiple stochastic simulation runs.…”

Section: B Parameter Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are applied for the simulation of laboratory-scale electrical discharges [19], [20] as well as lightning discharges [21], [22]. In addition, fractal models were employed for the lightning performance assessment of common structures [23], [24], power system components such as overhead transmission lines [25], [26], [27], [28] and substations [29], [30], [31], and more recently to lightning incidence estimation to wind turbines [32], [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Direct-Stroke Shielding Performance of Substations Through Stochastic Modeling of Lightning Attachment

Ioannidis,

Tsovilis

2024

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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This article introduces a methodology for assessing the direct-stroke shielding performance of high-voltage substations. The proposed methodology considers both negative and positive lightning polarity and can be employed by any lightning attachment model that follows a probabilistic approach. A stochastic lightning attachment model is used, which considers the lightning discharges probabilistic progression. Stochastic model results on lightning discharge propagation, lightning attachment, and induced electric fields are in satisfactory agreement with field observations; comparisons are also made and discussed with respect to other well-established lightning attachment models. An application of the proposed methodology is performed to estimate the lightning incidence rate and shielding failure flashover rate of a 69 kV substation; the effect of lightning activity at the substation location is elucidated.

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Section: B Parameter Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Direct-Stroke Shielding Performance of Substations Through Stochastic Modeling of Lightning Attachment

Ioannidis,

Tsovilis

2024

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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“…For this, we have conducted research on the relationship among the R s , H and I p . From Figure 7, the relationship can be fitted as follows: R s = 1.178 H 0.473 I p 0.853 (6) where H is the effective height of the wind turbine when 𝜃 = 0 • , the coefficient of determination of Equation ( 6) is 0.994 (R 2 = 0.994).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooray et al [5], based on the self-consistent leader inception and propagation model (SILM), took the presence of a connecting leader into account and deduced the striking distance equation of buildings for different heights. Nevertheless, the competitive effect of multiple upward leaders (MULs) and stochastic nature cannot be ignored [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative characteristics of the striking distance to wind turbine blades based on an improved stochastic lightning model

Bian

Zhou

et al. 2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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The damage of wind turbines suffered from lightning strikes has been a key issue for the safe and reliable operation of wind farms. Accurate determination of the annual lightning flash number to a wind turbine is essential for designing proper lightning protection measures. The interaction of downward and multiple upward leaders (MULs) is studied in this paper, which also considers the stochastic nature and branched behaviour of the lightning attachment phenomenon. Firstly, with an improved stochastic lightning model, the relationship among the striking distance, the height of wind turbines and the return stroke current is established. Moreover, a modified method for predicting the annual lightning flash number strikes to a wind turbine is proposed. The simulation results show that the striking distance and the collection area not only depend on the return stroke current, but also on the height and blade angle. Besides, the comparations between the calculation results and field statistics indicate that the conventional electric geometry model is not satisfied with the need of lightning protection for wind turbines. Note that there is only a difference of 4% between the modified method and the observation value. These quantitative researches provide the guidance of calculation results for the optimization of the blade lightning protection system (LPS) design.

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“…The substations are regarded as one of the most essential components in the power system. Since the substations are normally located at the remote and open plain, the lightning may be easy to strike the substation and then cause a serious impact on the power system [1,2]. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effect of the direct lightning to the substation for the sake of protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three‐dimensional direct lightning strike model for lightning protection of the substation

Guo

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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Lightning strikes to a substation happen frequently, which has a serious impact on the safety of the power system. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effect of the direct lightning to the substation for the sake of protection. However, since the propagation and attachment of the lightning leader is a typical random process, it is hard to sufficiently represent the effect of the direct lightning by some deterministic models. In order to take into consideration the randomness of the lightning propagation process, in this paper, a three dimensional lightning fractal model that reproduces the tortuosity and branching of natural lightning is established. The proposed model is then applied to the effect analysis of the direct lightning to a typical 220 kV substation. Moreover, the protection effect of different distribution and height schemes of lightning rods is investigated using the proposed model. This work helps to understand the lightning strike risk that the substations face and also provides a promising way to improve and optimize the protection design.How to cite this article: Guo J., et al.: A three-dimensional direct lightning strike model for lightning protection of the substation. IET Gener.

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Shielding Failure of High-Voltage Substations: A Fractal-Based Approach for Negative and Positive Lightning

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of the Direct-Stroke Shielding Performance of Substations Through Stochastic Modeling of Lightning Attachment

Evaluation of the Direct-Stroke Shielding Performance of Substations Through Stochastic Modeling of Lightning Attachment

Quantitative characteristics of the striking distance to wind turbine blades based on an improved stochastic lightning model

A three‐dimensional direct lightning strike model for lightning protection of the substation

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