Shielding Properties of Some Marble Types: A Comprehensive Study of Experimental and XCOM Results

Elsafi, Mohamed; El-Nahal, M. A.; Alrashedi, M. F.; Olarinoye, I.O.; Sayyed, M.I.; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Osman, Hamid; Alamri, Sultan; Abbas, Mahmoud I.

doi:10.3390/ma14154194

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Additionally, this glass is perfect for neutron shielding, whereas the determined fast neutron removable cross section (∑ R) for the present sample is shown to have a remarkable superiority to the bismuth borate glass samples, compared with lead borate glass and concrete. In Figure 12, the values of ∑ R are 0.1127, 0.1131, 0.1134, 0.1061, and 0.0937cm −1 for BCrBi-0, BCrBi-15, BCrBi-25, lead borate glass [35] and concrete [20], respectively. concrete.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical compositions of the selected glass system were tabulated in Table 1. To ensure the correct compositions after preparation, the samples were analyzed by EDXor, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis of the analytical scanning electron microscope (JSM-5300, JEOL) as shown in Figure 2-for example the BCrBi-15 sample, which gives the proportion of each element in the sample [19,20]. The analyses were performed for the sample more than once at different points and then the average was taken for the required percentage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection Applications

et al. 2022

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In the present work, bismuth borate glass samples with the composition of (99-x) B2O3 + 1Cr2O3 + (x) Bi2O3 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt %) were prepared using the melt quenching technique. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of the prepared glass samples was measured through a narrow beam technique using a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Four point sources were used (241Am, 133Ba, 152Eu, and 137Cs) to measure the MAC for the prepared glasses. The experimental data were compared with the theoretical results obtained from the XCOM, and it was shown that for all samples at all tested energies, the relative deviation between the samples is less than 3%. This finding signifies that the experimental data can adequately be used to evaluate the shielding ability of the glasses. The MAC of the sample with x = 25 wt % was compared with different lead borate glasses and the results indicated that the present sample has high attenuation which is very close to commercial lead borate glasses. We determined the transmission factor (TF), and found that it is small at low energies and increases as the energy increases. The addition of Bi2O3 leads to reduction in the TF values, which improves the shielding performance of the glass system. The half value layer (HVL) of the BCrBi-10 sample was 0.400 cm at 0.595 MeV, 1.619 cm at 0.2447 MeV, and 4.946 cm at 1.4080 MeV. Meanwhile, the HVL of the BCrBi-20 sample is equal to 0.171 and 4.334 cm at 0.0595 and 1.4080 MeV, respectively. The HVL data emphasize that higher energy photons tend to penetrate through the glasses with greater ease than lower energy photons. Furthermore, the fast neutron removable cross section (FNRC) was determined for the present samples and compared with lead borate glass and concrete, and the results showed a remarkable superiority of the bismuth borate glass samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection Applications

et al. 2022

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“…The computed Z eq values of the investigated polymers were then used to interpolate the GP fitting EBFs ( b , c , a , X K , d ) in the range of energy 0.015–15 MeV using the interpolation formula [ 22 ] (9):

where C 1 and C 2 are GP fitting parameters, taken from the ANSI/ANS-6.4.3 standard database [ 23 ], corresponding to Z 1 and Z 2 between which Z eq of the selected polymer lies. As an example, the GP fitting parameters and the Z eq for PMP (C 6 H 12 ) in the energy range 0.015–15 MeV are listed in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-Ray Attenuation and Exposure Buildup Factor of Novel Polymers in Shielding Using Geant4 Simulation

et al. 2021

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Polymers are often used in medical applications, therefore, some novel polymers and their interactions with photons have been studied. The gamma-ray shielding parameters for Polymethylpentene (PMP), Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), Polyoxymethylene (POM), Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), and Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymers were determined using the Geant4 simulation and discussed in the current work. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) were simulated at low and high energies between 0.059 and 1.408 MeV using different radionuclides. The accuracy of the Geant4 simulated results were checked with the XCOM software. The two different methods had good agreement with each other. Exposure buildup factor (EBF) was calculated and discussed in terms of polymers under study and photon energy. Effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Neff) were calculated and analyzed at different energies. Additionally, the half-value layer (HVL) of the polymers was evaluated, and the results of this parameter showed that PCTFE had the highest probability of interaction with gamma photons compared to those of the other tested polymers.

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“…The sample was placed between the source and the detector as shown in Figure 3 and the measurement was done for a sufficient time so that the statistical uncertainty of the area under the peak was less than 1% and the counting rate was calculated in the presence and absence of the sample. The MAC is calculated according to the following equation [28][29][30]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Photon Radiation Attenuation Capability of Different Clay Materials

et al. 2021

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This work aims to experimentally report the radiation attenuation factors for four different clays (red, ball, kaolin and bentonite clays) at four selected energies (emitted from Am-241, Cs-137, and Co-60). The highest relative difference in the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) is equal to −3.02%, but most of the other results are much smaller than this value, proving that the experimental and theoretical data greatly agree with each other. From the MAC results, the shielding abilities of the clay samples at 0.060 MeV follow the order of: bentonite > red > ball > kaolin. Thus, at low energies, the bentonite clay sample provides the most effective attenuation capability out of the tested clays. The half value layer (HVL) increases as energy increases, which suggests that, only a thin clay sample is needed to sufficiently absorb the radiation at low energies, while at higher energies a thicker sample is needed to shield the same amount of high energy radiated. Furthermore, bentonite clay has the lowest HVL, while the kaolin clay has the greatest HVL at all energies. The radiation protection efficiency (RPE) values at 0.060 MeV are equal to 97.982%, 97.137%, 94.242%, and 93.583% for bentonite clay, red clay, ball clay, and kaolin clay, respectively. This reveals that at this energy, the four clay samples can absorb almost all of the incoming photons, but the bentonite clay has the greatest attenuation capability at this energy, while kaolin clay has the lowest.

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Shielding Properties of Some Marble Types: A Comprehensive Study of Experimental and XCOM Results

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection Applications

Fabrication of Lead Free Borate Glasses Modified by Bismuth Oxide for Gamma Ray Protection Applications

Gamma-Ray Attenuation and Exposure Buildup Factor of Novel Polymers in Shielding Using Geant4 Simulation

Investigation of Photon Radiation Attenuation Capability of Different Clay Materials

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