Shift in the Intestinal Microflora of Atlantic Halibut (<i>Hippoglossus hippoglossus</i>) Larvae during First Feeding

Bergh, Øivind; Naas, Kjell Emil; Harboe, Torstein

doi:10.1139/f94-190

Cited by 69 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…It was suggested by Naas et al (1992) that the nutritional effects of the algae are of minor importance in comparison with their effect on physical parameters, in particular light regime. This hypothesis is partially supported by the finding of Bergh et al (1994) that the shift from a nonfermentative towards a fermentative intestinal bacterial microflora occurred faster in larvae in water to which algae had been added than in larvae kept in water without algal addition.Intensive first feeding of halibut is based on Artemia spp. as live-feed organisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Bacterial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are less frequent (Hansen & Olafsen 1989, Bergh 1995. The composition of the intestinal bacterial flora associated with yolk-sac larvae resembles the egg epiflora, whereas a shift in the intestinal microflora from a generally nonfermentative towards a fermentative flora dominated by the Vibrio/Aeromonas group coincides with the onset of exogenous feeding (Bergh et al 1994, Bergh 1995.The psychrophilic bacterium Flexibacter ovolyticus was isolated from halibut eggs that had suffered high mortality rates (Hansen et al 1992). It resembles the fish pathogen Flexibacter maritimus, but differs from the latter in a number of biochemical and physiological characteristics.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Bergh

Nilsen²,

Samuelsen³

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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After substantial investments in research, the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus is now being cultivated commercially in Norway, Iceland, Scotland and Canada. As with other domesticated species, disease problems have been experienced. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of diseases of the Atlantic halibut, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. In economic terms, the most important losses have been suffered at the larval and juvenile stages. The most important infections are caused by nodaviruses, causative agents of Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy (VER), which are the major reason why Norway's production of halibut fry has been level since 1995. An aquatic birnavirus, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, is also an important agent of mortality. Vibrio anguillarum, Flexibacter ovolyticus and atypical Aeromonas salmonicida are the major bacterial pathogens. The protozoan parasites recorded include Ichthyobodo sp., the microsporidium Enterocytozoon sp., Trichodina hippoglossi, and the metazoan pathogens include myxozoans, helminths, Entobdella hippoglossi, Lepeophtheirus hippoglossi and other parasitic copepods. Experimental vaccines have been tested against V. anguillarum and atypical A. salmonicida, with good results. A recombinant vaccine against nodaviruses is under development. A few trials have been carried out on non-specific immunostimulants, but no such treatment is currently available. A number of efficacy and pharmacokinetic trials with various antibacterial agents have also been published. KEY WORDS: Atlantic halibut · Diseases · Prophylaxis · Treatment Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 48: [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] 2001 unknown may accidentally compromise the defence systems of the host. Thirdly, disease conditions that may be common among wild fish are largely unrecognised by humans. However, in aquaculture systems the fish farmer will recognise signs of disease such as reduced growth, abnormal behaviour and increased mortality, all of which rapidly call for attention by veterinarians and scientists.The main challenge experienced by halibut farms has been to achieve adequate survival rates, particularly during the early life stages. Thus, since the early 1990s, the amount of experience and knowledge of diseases of viral, bacterial or parasitical etiology of the Atlantic halibut has grown significantly. The evidence for the importance of diseases that affect the early life stages, such as infections by birnaviruses (Biering et al. 1994), nodaviruses (Grotmol et al. 1995(Grotmol et al. , 1997, or various opportunistic bacteria (Bergh et al. 1992b) has now been demonstrated by different challenge experiments (Table 1).The parasite fauna of wild Atlantic halibut have not been widely studied, for which reason our knowledge of potential harmful parasites in farmed fish is limited. Studies of parasites on wild halibut have mainly concentrated on desc...

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confidence: 80%

Section: Bacterial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Bergh

Nilsen²,

Samuelsen³

2001

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Live prey (rotifer and Artemia) are important carriers of contamination of the larval digestive tract (Muroga et al, 1987;Nicolas et al, 1989;Cahill, 1999;Bergh et al, 1994;Blanch et al, 1997;Ringø and Birkbeck, 1999), which greatly determines the microbiota of the larvae and in many cases is responsible for significant mortality rates (Campbell and Buswell, 1983;Muroga et al, 1987;Grisez et al, 1997. In some studies, alternative methods (eggs disinfection, use of microbially-matured water or baths of prey in tap water) to antibiotics have been considered (Vadstein et al, 1993;Planas and Cunha, 1999;Skjermo and Vadstein, 1999) in order to reduce the microflora which accompanies the prey, but also the delivery of probiotic bacteria (Gatesoupe, 1991;;Gatesoupe, 1997;Harzevili et al, 1998;Gómez-Gil et al, 1998;Makridis et al, 2000;Gatesoupe, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) growth by using terrestrial lactic acid bacteria

et al. 2004

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One of the pathways for the entry of bacteria, both pathogenic and probiotic, into the larvae of fish hatcheries is via live prey. As a preventive measure against infections, live prey may be cultured, supplementing the food with probiotics. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been successfully used in the larviculture. In this study, the nutritional effect of seven terrestrial LAB has been studied regarding the growth of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The cultures were carried out without partial renewal of the culture medium, feeding the rotifers on baker's yeast and adding some of the species of bacteria. In all cases, the addition of the bacteria increased both the specific maximum growth rate and the maximum density obtainable in the cultures. However, the best results were obtained with the addition of Lactococcus lactis spp lactis, Pediococcus acidilactici or Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei. The rates of growth obtained with the individual or joint addition of these three bacteria were 8-13 times greater than those obtained with the control cultures after 4-5 days' culture. In this study, a series of kinetic models have been applied (logistic modified−Gompertz, logistic−logistic and generalised logistic) which describe the experimental data, obtaining a set of parameters of biological significance which facilitate the optimisation of the use of these bacterial strains in the mass production of rotifers.

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“…intestinal flora to an Aeromonas spp./Vibrio spp. dominant flora occurred when first feeding commenced (Bergh et al, 1994). It indicated that the gut microbiota of aquatic animals may change rapidly with the intrusion of microflora from water, live food and artificial diet.…”

Section: Probiotics Effects In Aquaculture: Benefits To the Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics in Aquaculture - Benefits to the Health, Technological Applications and Safety

Zhou¹,

Wang²

2012

Health and Environment in Aquaculture

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Shift in the Intestinal Microflora of Atlantic Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Larvae during First Feeding

Cited by 69 publications

References 18 publications

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review

Enhancement of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) growth by using terrestrial lactic acid bacteria

Probiotics in Aquaculture - Benefits to the Health, Technological Applications and Safety

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