Shift of Enterovirus species among children in Cameroon – Identification of a new enterovirus, EV-A119

Ayukekbong, James A; Kabayiza, Jean-Claude; Lindh, Magnus; Nkuo‐Akenji, Theresa; Tah, Ferdinand; Bergström, Tomas; Nordér, Helené

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2013.07.005

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This group also included other closely related EV-A76 (CHB2, CHB5 and CHB8) detected in chimpanzees' samples (not shown in figure 1 because only partial VP1 sequences were available for these viruses - see table 2). In the same manner, EV-A119 from a captive chimpanzee grouped reliably with the homotypic prototype recently identified in a human in Cameroon [6] (Figure 1). Two other EV-A119 full-length VP1 sequences from a previous study originated from wild chimpanzees and a gorilla stool samples collected in Cameroon in 2010 [20] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…The full-length VP1 sequence of the virus Z046 (captive chimpanzee) enabled its unambiguous assignment as an EV-A119, an EV type recently discovered in a human in Cameroon [6]. The virus CHE20 displayed sequence similarities lower than 75% and 85% with all databases available field and prototype strains at nucleotide (nt) and aminoacid (aa) levels respectively (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of EV-A119 and EV-A71 genogroup E in captive apes and their apparent association to sub-Saharan Africa [6], [8], [9], [18] suggest their co-circulation in both human and NHP in this region. An apparent geographic association to sub-Saharan Africa has also been observed for EV-D111 which was originally found in a wild chimpanzee from Cameroon [34] and was subsequently shown to be distributed among humans in Central Africa [8], [18], [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Such transmission could happen directly from wild NHP to humans or could transit through the NHP populations kept in zoos and sanctuaries. These scenarios may have happened for a number of EVs discovered in humans and wild apes recently: EV-A76, EV-D111 and EV-A119 [6], [8], [18], [21], [57]. Wild NHP could play the role of reservoir and/or source of future emerging EVs with unpredictable symptomatology in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An efficient surveillance system of AFP has been set up in the world thanks to the global poliomyelitis eradication program. Apart from AFP, other enteroviral diseases syndromes are rarely taken into consideration in the developing world including in sub-Saharan Africa despite the evidence of extensive EV circulation [6]–[9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Enteroviruses from Non-Human Primates in Cameroon Revealed Virus Types Widespread in Humans along with Candidate New Types and Species

et al. 2014

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Enteroviruses (EVs) infecting African Non-Human Primates (NHP) are still poorly documented. This study was designed to characterize the genetic diversity of EVs among captive and wild NHP in Cameroon and to compare this diversity with that found in humans. Stool specimens were collected in April 2008 in NHP housed in sanctuaries in Yaounde and neighborhoods. Moreover, stool specimens collected from wild NHP from June 2006 to October 2008 in the southern rain forest of Cameroon were considered. RNAs purified directly from stool samples were screened for EVs using a sensitive RT-nested PCR targeting the VP1 capsid coding gene whose nucleotide sequence was used for molecular typing. Captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) were primarily infected by EV types already reported in humans in Cameroon and elsewhere: Coxsackievirus A13 and A24, Echovirus 15 and 29, and EV-B82. Moreover EV-A119, a novel virus type recently described in humans in central and west Africa, was also found in a captive Chimpanzee. EV-A76, which is a widespread virus in humans, was identified in wild chimpanzees, thus suggesting its adaptation and parallel circulation in human and NHP populations in Cameroon. Interestingly, some EVs harbored by wild NHP were genetically distinct from all existing types and were thus assigned as new types. One chimpanzee-derived virus was tentatively assigned as EV-J121 in the EV-J species. In addition, two EVs from wild monkeys provisionally registered as EV-122 and EV-123 were found to belong to a candidate new species. Overall, this study indicates that the genetic diversity of EVs among NHP is more important than previously known and could be the source of future new emerging human viral diseases.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Enteroviruses from Non-Human Primates in Cameroon Revealed Virus Types Widespread in Humans along with Candidate New Types and Species

et al. 2014

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Molecular analysis of enterovirus in Cameroon by partial 5′UTR-VP4 gene sequencing reveals a high genetic diversity and frequency of infections

Ayukekbong

Fobisong²,

Lindh

et al. 2014

J. Med. Virol.

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Enteroviruses (EVs) often infect humans, presenting as endemic or epidemic infections. In this study, the diversity of infecting EVs was studied among 146 children and 137 adults in a small community in Cameroon. The participants provided 2,458 fecal samples during 1-year monthly collection; 10 or more samples were obtained from 55%. Partial 5'UTR-VP4 region could be sequenced in 393/547 PCR positive samples obtained from 119 children and 85 adults. EV-RNA was detected in at least one sample from 235 participants (83%) during the study period. A total of 121 different strains were identified, 66 infected only children, 29 only adults, and 26 infected both children and adults. There were children with up to five episodes with different strains, and adults with up to four such episodes. Infants aged <5 years were significantly more often EV infected compared to older participants. Infections with species EV-C constituted two third of all cases, and overall EV infections were more common during the rainy season. Species EV-B more often infected children than adults. Most strains were detected only for certain months of the year; however five strains were observed during the time spans of 5-10 months. Two strains were excreted up to eight months in three children and one adult. In 11 of the 128 families with paired samples the child and the adult were infected simultaneously by the same strain, indicating common source of infection. The study revealed a surprising complexity of EV ecosystem in a single community.

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High frequency of Polio-like Enterovirus C strains with differential clustering of CVA-13 and EV-C99 subgenotypes in a cohort of Malawian children

et al. 2018

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Enteroviruses (EVs) are among the most commonly detected viruses infecting humans worldwide. Although the prevalence of EVs is widely studied, the status of EV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa remains largely unknown. The objective of our present study was therefore to increase our knowledge on EV circulation in sub-Saharan Africa. We obtained 749 fecal samples from a cross-sectional study conducted on Malawian children aged 6 to 60 months. We tested the samples for the presence of EVs using real time PCR, and typed the positive samples based on partial viral protein 1 (VP1) sequences. A large proportion of the samples was EV positive (89.9%). 12.9% of the typed samples belonged to EV species A (EV-A), 48.6% to species B (EV-B) and 38.5% to species C (EV-C). More than half of the EV-C strains (53%) belonged to subgroup C containing, among others, Poliovirus (PV) 1-3. The serotype most frequently isolated in our study was CVA-13, followed by EV-C99. The strains of CVA-13 showed a vast genetic diversity, possibly representing a new cluster, ‘F’. The majority of the EV-C99 strains grouped together as cluster B. In conclusion, this study showed a vast circulation of EVs among Malawian children, with an EV prevalence of 89.9%. Identification of prevalences for species EV-C comparable to our study (38.5%) have only previously been reported in sub-Saharan Africa, and EV-C is rarely found outside of this region. The data found in this study are an important contribution to our current knowledge of EV epidemiology within sub-Saharan Africa.

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Shift of Enterovirus species among children in Cameroon – Identification of a new enterovirus, EV-A119

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of Enteroviruses from Non-Human Primates in Cameroon Revealed Virus Types Widespread in Humans along with Candidate New Types and Species

Characterization of Enteroviruses from Non-Human Primates in Cameroon Revealed Virus Types Widespread in Humans along with Candidate New Types and Species

Molecular analysis of enterovirus in Cameroon by partial 5′UTR-VP4 gene sequencing reveals a high genetic diversity and frequency of infections

High frequency of Polio-like Enterovirus C strains with differential clustering of CVA-13 and EV-C99 subgenotypes in a cohort of Malawian children

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