Shift work and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Gan, Yong; Yang, Chen; Tong, Xiaofeng; Sun, Hao; Cong, Yingjie; Yin, Xiaoxu; Li, Liqing; Cao, Shiyi; Dong, Xiaoxin; Gong, Yanhong; Shi, Oumin; Deng, Jian; Bi, Huashan; Lu, Zuxun

doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102150

Cited by 397 publications

(355 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…[4,6] This discrepancy is probably related to the paucity of studies that included both sexes, as well as occupation-related factors that might differentially affect the implications of shiftwork for men and women. Also in contrast to previous work, we did not find strong evidence that the associations between shiftwork and BMI were dependent on chronotype, ethnicity or sleep duration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…[4,5] The shiftworkers in UK Biobank presented a different personality profile to non-shiftworkers, they had higher neuroticism scores, they were more likely to be evening chronotypes, and to report disrupted sleep, reduced job satisfaction and feeling tired, depressed and lacking enthusiasm. Shiftwork was associated with obesity and with increased inflammation, particularly in nightshift workers, supporting the suggestion that night work might potentiate the effects of shiftwork on metabolic health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shiftworkers were more likely to have higher BMI despite higher physical activity, yet there is little evidence that they eat more than non-shiftworkers. [4,25] It may be more beneficial to modulate the timing and frequency of their meals and activity rather than volume. However, even if this were possible, it will not address the fundamental uncoupling of physiological and environmental timing that most likely underlies the effects of shiftwork on metabolism and behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keywords circadian depression diabetes neuroticism nightshift obesity shiftwork well being BACKGROUND Shiftwork is associated with detrimental effects on health and wellbeing, including increased risk of diabetes [1][2][3][4][5] and sleep problems, [6][7][8] higher body mass index (BMI) [1,[9][10][11][12], and increased signs of anxiety and depression. [8,13,14] Shiftworkers were once predominantly male, manufacturing sector workers, but this is no longer the case; a recent government survey reported that security services, transport and communications industries were the most common occupation of shiftworkers in the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK biobank

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK biobank

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, daytime light exposure was positively correlated with BMI (112) . Since the economic and industrial revolutions, more than 20 % of the working population performs shift work in order to optimise productivity and flexibility (113) and shift workers are at increased risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes (114)(115)(116)(117) . Although several observational studies found an association between shift work and metabolic disease, evidence for a causal relationship between light exposure at an inappropriate time of the day and metabolic disturbances is limited.…”

Section: Effect Of Light On Food Intake Body Weight and Glucose Metamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in the spotlight: metabolic effects of environmental light

et al. 2016

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Use of artificial light resulted in relative independence from the natural light-dark (LD) cycle, allowing human subjects to shift the timing of food intake and work to convenient times. However, the increase in artificial light exposure parallels the increase in obesity prevalence. Light is the dominant Zeitgeber for the central circadian clock, which resides within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, and coordinates daily rhythm in feeding behaviour and metabolism. Eating during inappropriate light conditions may result in metabolic disease via changes in the biological clock. In this review, we describe the physiological role of light in the circadian timing system and explore the interaction between the circadian timing system and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the acute and chronic effects of artificial light exposure on food intake and energy metabolism in animals and human subjects. We propose that living in synchrony with the natural daily LD cycle promotes metabolic health and increased exposure to artificial light at inappropriate times of day has adverse effects on metabolism, feeding behaviour and body weight regulation. Reducing the negative side effects of the extensive use of artificial light in human subjects might be useful in the prevention of metabolic disease.Artificial light: Circadian: Glucose metabolism: Obesity Changes in artificial light exposureObesity is an increasing health problem and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and CVD (1) . The pathophysiology of obesity is multifactorial, with the major contributions from overconsumption of highenergy highly palatable food and an inactive lifestyle (2) . One modern environmental factor that contributes to changes in eating behaviour is the widespread use of artificial light. The relative independence from the natural light-dark (LD) cycle, allows people to eat and engage in activities until late in the evening and at night. Artificial light has also led to an increase in nighttime sky glow and to the transformation of nightscapes. More than 99% of the US and EU population, and about two-thirds of the world population lives in areas where the night sky is illuminated above the threshold for light pollution (artificial sky brightness greater than 10% of the natural night sky brightness above 45°eleva-tion). Moreover, satellite data show that 70% of the US population and 50% of the European population can no longer see the Milky Way, even under the best conditions (3) . Cinzano et al. (3) calculated that only 40% of Americans live in a location where it becomes sufficiently dark at night for the human eye to make a complete transition from cone to rod vision. Despite the benefits for

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The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review

Rogers

Banks

Jenkins

2023

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Sleep deficiency is a ubiquitous phenomenon among Americans. In fact, in the United States, ∼78% of teens and 35% of adults currently get less sleep than recommended for their age‐group, and the quality of sleep appears to be getting worse for many. The consequences of sleep disruption manifest in a myriad of ways, including insulin resistance and disrupted nutrient metabolism, dysregulation of hunger and satiety, and potentially increased body weight and adiposity. Consequently, inadequate sleep is related to an increased risk of various cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Exercise has the potential to be an effective therapeutic to counteract the deleterious effects of sleep disruption listed above, whereas chronic psychosocial stress may causally promote sleep disruption and cardiometabolic risk. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence on the consequences of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on substrate metabolism, circulating appetite hormones, hunger and satiety, and weight gain. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of chronic psychosocial stress and its impact on sleep and metabolic health. Finally, we summarise the current evidence regarding the ability of exercise to counteract the adverse metabolic health effects of sleep disruption. Throughout the review, we highlight areas where additional interrogation and future exploration are necessary.

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Shift work and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Cited by 397 publications

References 44 publications

Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK biobank

Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK biobank

Nutrition in the spotlight: metabolic effects of environmental light

The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review

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