Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis

Vyas, Manav V.; Garg, Amit X.; Iansavichus, Arthur V.; Chen, John; Donner, Allan; Laugsand, Lars E.; Janszky, Imre; Mrkobrada, Marko; Párraga, Grace; Hackam, Daniel G.

doi:10.1136/bmj.e4800

Cited by 670 publications

(566 citation statements)

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“…A systematic review and meta-analysis by Vyas et al in 2012 of eleven prospective cohort studies, thirteen retrospective cohort studies and ten case-control studies showed convincing evidence that people working shifts have an approximately 20 % increased risk of myocardial infarction (risk ratios (RR) 1·23 (95 % CI 1·15, 1·31)), coronary events (RR 1·24 (95 % CI 1·10, 1·39)) and ischaemic stroke (RR 1·05 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·09)) (21) . Their analysis of unadjusted and adjusted RR both indicated similar results.…”

Section: Shift Workers Disease Risk and Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies

2016

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Studying irregular meal patterns fits in with the latest research focusing not only on what people eat but also when they eat, also called chrono-nutrition. Chrono-nutrition involves studying the impact of nutrition on metabolism via circadian patterns, including three aspects of time: (ir)regularity, frequency and clock time. The present paper aimed to narratively review research on irregular meal patterns and cardiometabolic consequences. Only few cross-sectional studies and prospective cohort studies were identified, and most of these suggested that eating meals irregularly is associated with a higher risk of the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors, including BMI and blood pressure. This was supported by two randomised controlled intervention studies showing that consuming meals regularly for 2 weeks v. an irregular meal pattern, led to beneficial impact on cardiometabolic risk factors as lower peak insulin, lower fasting total and LDL-cholesterol, both in lean and obese women. In conclusion, the limited evidence on meal regularity and cardiometabolic consequences supports the hypothesis that consuming meals irregularly is adversely associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, it also highlights the need for more large-scale studies, including detailed dietary assessment to further advance the understanding of the impact of chrono-nutrition on public health.

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Section: Shift Workers Disease Risk and Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies

2016

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“…As a consequence, most aspects of their physiology are orchestrated in a rhythmic way by the circadian clock (from the Latin circa diem, meaning "about a day"), an endogenous and autonomous oscillator with a period of around 24 h (1, 2). Not surprisingly, perturbations of this clock in mammals lead to pathologies including psychiatric, metabolic, and vascular disorders (1,3,4). At the organismal scale, the oscillatory clockwork is organized in a hierarchal manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian and feeding rhythms differentially affect rhythmic mRNA transcription and translation in mouse liver

Atger

Gobet

Marquis

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

217

287

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Diurnal oscillations of gene expression are a hallmark of rhythmic physiology across most living organisms. Such oscillations are controlled by the interplay between the circadian clock and feeding rhythms. Although rhythmic mRNA accumulation has been extensively studied, comparatively less is known about their transcription and translation. Here, we quantified simultaneously temporal transcription, accumulation, and translation of mouse liver mRNAs under physiological light-dark conditions and ad libitum or night-restricted feeding in WT and brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1)-deficient animals. We found that rhythmic transcription predominantly drives rhythmic mRNA accumulation and translation for a majority of genes. Comparison of wild-type and Bmal1 KO mice shows that circadian clock and feeding rhythms have broad impact on rhythmic gene expression, Bmal1 deletion affecting surprisingly both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Translation efficiency is differentially regulated during the diurnal cycle for genes with 5′-Terminal Oligo Pyrimidine tract (5′-TOP) sequences and for genes involved in mitochondrial activity, many harboring a Translation Initiator of Short 5′-UTR (TISU) motif. The increased translation efficiency of 5′-TOP and TISU genes is mainly driven by feeding rhythms but Bmal1 deletion also affects amplitude and phase of translation, including TISU genes. Together this study emphasizes the complex interconnections between circadian and feeding rhythms at several steps ultimately determining rhythmic gene expression and translation.circadian rhythms | ribosome profiling | mRNA translation | 5′-TOP sequences | TISU motifs L iving organisms on Earth are subjected to light-dark cycles caused by rotation of the Earth around the sun. To anticipate these changes, virtually all organisms have acquired a circadian timing system during evolution that allows a better adaptation to their environment. As a consequence, most aspects of their physiology are orchestrated in a rhythmic way by the circadian clock (from the Latin circa diem, meaning "about a day"), an endogenous and autonomous oscillator with a period of around 24 h (1, 2). Not surprisingly, perturbations of this clock in mammals lead to pathologies including psychiatric, metabolic, and vascular disorders (1,3,4). At the organismal scale, the oscillatory clockwork is organized in a hierarchal manner. Within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the "master clock" receives light input via the retina and communicates timing signals to "enslave" oscillators in peripheral organs (1, 2). The molecular oscillator consists of interconnected transcriptional and translational feedback loops, in which multiple layers of control, including temporal posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation, play important roles (5). These additional layers of regulation are largely coordinated by systemic cues originating from circadian clock and/or feeding-coordinated rhythmic metabolism, allowing the adjustment of the molecular clo...

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“…Shift workers are prone to obesity (5)(6)(7)(8)(9) and associated co-morbidities such as diabetes (5,6,8), high cholesterol (7-10), cardiovascular disease (5,6,11,12), gastrointestinal problems (5,6,13), and metabolic disturbances (5,6,(14)(15)(16). In addition, shift workers have an increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke with mortality rates being highest among workers with the longest history of shift work (17)(18)(19)(20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift

Cain¹,

Filtness²,

Phillips³

et al. 2015

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Shortened sleep and circadian misalignment, as seen in shift workers, has adverse metabolic and behavioral consequences which lead to obesity and associated comorbidities. This study demonstrates a simulated night shift enhances preference for high fat foods, which may be a contributing factor for shift work-related weight gain. Increasing awareness of changes in food preference may promote healthier food choices. Key terms: diet; dietary intake; eating; fat; food; habit; health; health; high-fat food; night duty; night shift; night work; nutrition; obesity; shift work; shift worker; simulated night shift; sleep loss; weight gain This article in PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25699635 288 Scand J Work Environ Health 2015, vol 41, no 3Short communication Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015;41(3):288-293. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3486 Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift by Sean W Cain, PhD,1 Ashleigh J Filtness, PhD,2 Craig L Phillips, PhD,3,4 Clare Anderson, PhD 1,5 Cain SW, Filtness AJ, Phillips CL, Anderson C. Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015;41(3):288-293. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3486 Objectives Shift workers are prone to obesity and associated co-morbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Sleep restriction associated with shift work results in dramatic endocrine and metabolic effects that predispose shift workers to these adverse health consequences. While sleep restriction has been associated with increased caloric intake, food preference may also play a key role in weight gain associated with shift work. This study examined the impact of an overnight simulated night shift on food preference.Methods Sixteen participants [mean 20.1, standard deviation (SD) 1.4 years; 8 women] underwent a simulated night shift and control condition in a counterbalanced order. On the following morning, participants were provided an opportunity for breakfast that included high-and low-fat food options (mean 64.8% and 6.4% fat, respectively). ResultsParticipants ate significantly more high-fat breakfast items after the simulated night shift than after the control condition [167.3, standard error of the mean (SEM) 28.7) g versus 211.4 (SEM 35.6) g; P=0.012]. The preference for high-fat food was apparent among the majority of individuals following the simulated night shift (81%), but not for the control condition (43%). Shift work and control conditions did not differ, however, in the total amount of food or calories consumed.Conclusions A simulated night shift leads to preference for high-fat food during a subsequent breakfast opportunity. These results suggest that food choice may contribute to weight-related chronic health problems commonly seen among night shift workers.Key terms diet; dietary intake; eating; food; habit; health; night duty; night work; nutrition; obesity; shift work; shift worker; sleep loss; weight gain. Working shifts outside of regular working hours is prevalent in modern industrialize...

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Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 670 publications

References 62 publications

Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies

Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies

Circadian and feeding rhythms differentially affect rhythmic mRNA transcription and translation in mouse liver

Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift

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