Shifting cultivation, contentious land change and forest governance: the politics of swidden in East Kalimantan

Thaler, Gregory M.; Anandi, C.A.M.

doi:10.1080/03066150.2016.1243531

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…After this period, the vegetation will be cleared and the farmers start new planting activity. The important step in shifting cultivation is burning of some wood biomass residue after fallow period to enhance soil fertility so more nutrition is available for crop plants (Thaler and Anandi 2017). In line with this finding, Fujiki et al (2017) reported that biomass burning caused flushing of minerals originating from the burnt plant materials.…”

Section: Wood Characteristics Of Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Yuliansyah, Haqiqi MT, Septia E, Mujiasih D, Septiana HA, Setiawan KA, Setiyono B, Angi EM, Saparwadi, Sari NM, Kusuma IW, Rujehan, Suwinarti W, Amirta R. 2019. Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2236-2242. Fallow period is a time gap, as long as 15 years, for improving natural soil fertility of land used for traditional shifting cultivation, in the tropical areas commonly used by Dayak People in Borneo Island. During this period, many biomass plant species naturally grow and develop a new forest vegetation community with shrub and medium trees, dominated by fast-growing pioneer species. In this study, we investigated the plant diversity in fallowed shifting cultivation area in Batu Majang Village, Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan Province, followed by analysis of the suitability of wood characteristics for energy production. We classified the study area according to the age of fallow period as: 1-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-15 years. We found 29 species among which 13 were identified as the top species according to the highest value for important value index. Potential wood biomass production increased from 3.01 m3 ha-1 to 399.62 m3 ha-1. V. pinnata and M. pearsonii showed the highest dominance which is present in almost all area based on age classification groups. Wood from V. pinnata achieved the highest calorific valueof18.00 MJ kg-1 whereas N. cadamba and M. sericea were in the second and third places with the value of 17.30 MJ kg-1 and 17.28 MJ kg-1, respectively. Therefore, V. pinnata was an important species among all other species observed because of high adaptability and high energy content. In addition, possible energy production at the end of the fallow period of 15 years was 2.92 GJ ha-1.

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Section: Wood Characteristics Of Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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“…The question of what makes social forestry 'successful' is subject to the very definition of success used, which forests is looked at and who constitutes the 'social' in a social forestry scheme, as much as it is influenced by the motivation to conduct such an assessment in the first place. Over the past decades a number of scholars have raised this question in a context where traditional social forestry such as swidden had been illegalized, lacked tenure recognition and was described as causing major deforestation in the tropics (Dove, 1993;Li, 1999;Mertz et al, 2009;Mertz et al, 2005;Moeliono et al, 2017;Peluso et al, 1995;Pham et al, 2018;Thaler and Anandi, 2017). At the same time awareness had increased for the importance of communities in achieving environmental, economic and social sustainability, beyond being simply a target group for top-down planned interventions.…”

Section: Analytical Framework: Understanding Success and Measuring Somentioning

confidence: 99%

What is success? Gaps and trade-offs in assessing the performance of traditional social forestry systems in Indonesia

Bong

Moeliono

Wong

et al. 2019

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Despite the growing interest in social forestry (SF), how much do we understand the social, economic and environmental outcomes and the conditions that enable SF to perform? In this article, we use a content analysis of literature on existing traditional SF practiced throughout Indonesia. It examines the outcomes of these systems and the conditions that enabled or hindered these outcomes to understand possible causal relations and changing dynamics between these conditions and SF performance. We discuss the gaps in how SF is assessed and understood in the literature to understand the important aspects of traditional SF that are not captured or that are lost when the diverse traditional systems are converted into other land uses. It aims to understand the potential trade-offs in the State’s push for formalizing SF if these aspects continue to be ignored.

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“…Drawing on field visits and interviews, it describes, in particular, how their knowledge and practices of burning align with the social and biophysical characteristics of swidden and livelihood needs. While these strategies reflect characteristics unique to Palawan, they also contain many elements that would be familiar to swidden farmers elsewhere in Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, Africa, and Latin America (see Peters and Neuenschwander, 1988;Kull, 2004;Carmenta et al, 2013;Thaler et al, 2017;Thung, 2018). As the evidence shows, swidden farmers do not clear and burn as indiscriminately as state foresters, park rangers and NGOs might suggest.…”

Section: Swidden Persistence: Clearing and Burning Ethnoecologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalibrating burdens of blame: Anti-swidden politics and green governance in the Philippine Uplands

et al. 2021

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In Southeast Asia, the presence of cleared and burned forests has long evoked deep emotions, symbolism and representations that powerfully inform the governance of forests and upland peoples. In particular, the palpable visibility of shifting (swidden) agriculturalists 'slashing and burning' forests has fuelled centuries-old political agendas to criminalise swidden farmers for supposedly destroying swaths of forests valued for timber, biodiversity and now ecosystem services. Swidden farmers who regularly clear and burn forests, have endured a disproportionate burden of blame for investing in and maintaining an old livelihood practice into the 21 st Century. Drawing on Hall's politics of representation, we examine the contrasting political frames, management and practices of clearing and burning forests among upland farmers, state and non-state actors who govern forests on Palawan Island, the Philippines. We describe the social, economic, and biophysical character of swidden clearing and burning among the indigenous Tagbanua of central Palawan, whose livelihoods and landscapes are impacted by green governance and enclosures. Informed by several years of ethnographic fieldwork, we explore how and why Tagbanua farmers continue to clear and burn forest despite state and non-state actors criminalising these practices for decades. We argue that, despite sustained vilification and reduced fallows arising from governance policies and enclosures, Tagbanua farmers continue to clear and burn knowing well that, despite the practices being illegal, levels of tolerance and leniency toward swidden is the local norm, rather than exception-highlighting the importance of what we call 'atmospheres of consent'. Ethnoecological understandings of clearing and burning in the uplands, we argue, are crucial to recalibrating the burden of blame placed on poor farmers whose agriculture is deemed destructive by the region's burgeoning sustainability discourse.

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Shifting cultivation, contentious land change and forest governance: the politics of swidden in East Kalimantan

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Short Communication: Diversity of plant species growing during fallow period of shifting cultivation and potential of its biomass for sustainable energy production in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

What is success? Gaps and trade-offs in assessing the performance of traditional social forestry systems in Indonesia

Recalibrating burdens of blame: Anti-swidden politics and green governance in the Philippine Uplands

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