Shifting frames of the Palestinian movement in US news

Noakes, John A.; Wilkins, Karin Gwinn

doi:10.1177/016344370202400506

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the literature, the period from 1987 to 1993 is marked as the first intifada (Ismail, 2010;Noakes and Wilkins, 2002) We included five Flemish newspapers that were published in the selected periods (see later). A preliminary research on one artificial week -composed according to a stratified sample with constructed weeks -showed that this sample was too small to identify significant findings.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottlenecks in the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: the coverage of the first and second intifada in the Flemish press

Deprez

Raeymaeckers

2011

Media, War & Conflict

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Various authors suggest that the public's knowledge of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is inadequate. As it is generally accepted that public opinion on international news items is mainly formed by media content, the international media are often held responsible for sustaining the prevailing misconceptions about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by covering the conflict parties in a biased and imbalanced way. This study focuses on the representation of Israelis and Palestinians in the news coverage of the first and second intifada by the Flemish press. By way of a content analysis, evolutions and discrepancies in the coverage of both intifadas are described in a longitudinal analytical perspective. The authors conclude that the portrayal of the Palestinian actors shifts from a rather positive view during the first intifada period to a more critical portrayal during the period of the second intifada. At the same time, there is an opposite move in the representation of the Israeli actors in the conflict. Although our results show differences in the distinct portrayals, they do not provide sufficient evidence to conclude unequivocally that the coverage of the first and second intifada is unbalanced. Indeed, the authors find that while some variables definitely favour the Israeli point of view (e.g. the use of sources), others clearly sustain the Palestinian side (e.g. the individualization of victims). In other words, the Flemish dailies cover the first and second intifada in quite a balanced way, contrary to what international studies on the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have concluded regarding the media in different national settings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bottlenecks in the coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: the coverage of the first and second intifada in the Flemish press

Deprez

Raeymaeckers

2011

Media, War & Conflict

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“…Noakes and Wilkins (2002) studied the representation of Palestine's demands based on a sample of news published by the New York Times and the Associated Press news agency, generating, via deductive procedures, seven specific frames, which were classified into 'positive' and 'negative' frames for the Palestinian interests. The negative frames for the Palestinian movement are those that presented Palestinian as 'terrorists', 'violent', 'combatants' and as the 'cause of the problem'.…”

Section: Specific and Generic Framesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing theory in communication research. Origins, development and current situation in Spain

Ardèvol‐Abreu¹

2015

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A Ardèvol-Abreu [CV] [ ORCID] [ GS] Universität Wien (Austria). alberto.ardevolabreu@univie.ac.at AbstractFraming theory has experienced a rapid development since the mid-1960s, when it emerged in the field of sociology. Framing has become a multidisciplinary paradigm that allows the holistic study of media effects on individuals and audiences. Far from being exclusively located in the sender of information, framing is located in four elements of the communication process: the sender, the receiver, the (informative) message and culture. This article, in the form of a state of the art review, examines the main developments made in framing theory since the 1950s to this day, as well as the development and current state of framing research in Spain. KeywordsFraming; frames; Spain; frame building; frame setting. Contents Framing in communication processes: concept and origins. 1.1. The tenuous border between framing and agenda-setting. 2. Origin and evolution of framing studies. 3. How frames are built: frame building. 4. Typology of frames. 4.1. Media frames and individual frames. 4.2 Strong frames and weak frames. 4.3. Specific and generic frames. 5. Empirical identification of media frames. 5.1. The deductive method. 5.2. The inductive method. 6. Framing, from the media to individuals: frame setting. 7. Framing effects on individuals and the public. 8. Framing research in Spain. 9. Notes. 10. References. "It would not be impossible to prove with sufficient repetition and psychological understanding of the people concerned that a square is in fact a circle. They are mere words, and words can be moulded until they clothe ideas in disguise" (Goebbels, quoted in Pratkanis and Aronson, 1994: 77). Framing in the communication processes: concept and originsAny communicative text, either informative or persuasive, requires narrative structures to organise its discourse. In the case of the media, news stories appear to be systematised, based on narrative conventions that offer an explanation about who is doing what, and with what purpose. Tuchman (1978) describes news as a window whose frame limits the perception of reality, by limiting the perception of different realities and focusing on a specific piece of it. As a result of these processes, some aspects of the reality perceived through the news will be more prominent than others.News messages, therefore, are textual and visual structures built around a central axis of thought, from a certain perspective, and by information professionals (but not only by them), who will provide an interpretive framework for the audiences exposed to the news messages.From this approach, framing can be defined as a process in which some aspects of reality are selected, and given greater emphasis or importance, so that the problem is defined, its causes are diagnosed, moral judgments are suggested and appropriate solutions and actions are proposed (Entman, 1993).Frames draw attention to some aspects of reality at the expense of others, so in order to define them we must take into account ...

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“…Some research has suggested that the press recast Palestinians as David against an Israeli Goliath (Liebes, 1992;Palmer, 1997;Zaharna, 1997), whereas other research suggests that the media imposed a ''cycle of violence'' narrative onto the conflict (Collins and Clark, 1992;Roeh and Cohen, 1992). Subsequent research shows that the news media continued to place most of the blame for the Intifada on the Palestinians (Noakes and Wilkins, 2002;Wu et al, 2002). Public opinion polls revealed that Americans continued to blame Palestinians despite sympathetic accounts in the press (Daniel, 1997), and pollsters' questions framed Israeli violence as a ''response'' to Palestinian violence (Gilboa, 1989).…”

Section: Us News Media: Israeli Response To Arab/palestinian Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas reporters praise Israeli officials for getting to the point, they report frustration with Palestinians who are not as forthcoming with relevant information (Dunsky, 2008). Even when Palestinians receive relatively greater press attention, some research shows that US news media are twice as likely to use Israeli sources than Palestinian sources (Noakes and Wilkins, 2002).…”

Section: Robert L Handleymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This event posed a problem for Israel which states that it must respond to Palestinian terrorism, and for US news organizations, which although sympathetic to the Palestinians during Oslo and the Intifada (Zaharna, 1997), tended to blame the Palestinians for the violence of the uprising (Noakes and Wilkins, 2002;Wu et al, 2002): Israeli violence was a response to Palestinian violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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