Shifting patterns of financial support

Martorana, S. V.

doi:10.1002/cc.36819782203

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Whereas colleges may develop different ESL delivery patterns to capitalize upon the often diverse funding streams available for ESL, housing ESL in different campus departments may not be the best course in terms of services delivered to ESL students and overall use of college resources. Writing in 1978, Martorana noted just such potential fragmentation when funding sources follow the student (Martorana, 1978). This concept of fragmented delivery systems can be applied to ESL, for if federal and state policies are an important means of gaining money for community college ESL programs, then separate services (testing, counseling, certification, instruction) may be the result.…”

Section: Implications For Policy and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compelling numbers: English as a second language

Ignash

1994

New Drctns Community Coll

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At Passaic County Community College in New Jersey, 35 percent of the student population took at least one English as a Second Language (ESL) class during spring session 1991. At El Paso Community College a conservative estimate calculated that 11 percent of the student population took an ESL course for credit, with 429 credit and 179 noncredit sections offered to meet the demand for ESL. In 1991, 800 Russian immigrants showed up en masse at Harry S . Truman College in Chicago requesting ESL classes. While these three community colleges are among the nation's largest in terms of ESL enrollments and number of ESL sections offered, they indicate the tremendous growth of ESL in many urban community colleges and in a small but growing number of more rural colleges as well.The first section of this chapter describes the results of the Spring 1991 National Curriculum Study conducted by the Center for the Study of Community Colleges (CSCC) as related to ESL and compares these results to previous studies. The second section tracks numbers of immigrants, refugees and

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Section: Implications For Policy and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compelling numbers: English as a second language

Ignash

1994

New Drctns Community Coll

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“…The overall mean proportion for state appropriations found in this study was .307, which is considerably less than the .385 found by Watkins (2000) in 470 community colleges for the year 1994. This current finding appears to indicate a continuing trend in the reduction in state aid for community colleges since the 1950s, when it was reported to be 58% (Martorana, 1978).…”

Section: Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This study found great variances among the states in the proportions of current funds revenue from the various sources. Earlier published studies found great differences in funding patterns among the states, as well (Hyde & Augenblick, 1980;Martorana, 1978;Richardson & Leslie, 1980, Wattenbarger, 1994Wattenbarger & Starnes, 1976). The largest variances among the states were in their dependence on tuition and fees, state appropriations, and local appropriations for funding.…”

Section: Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The significant state interest in two-year colleges dates from the post World War II period and was fueled by the impact of the mushrooming school enrollments on the local property tax rate (Richardson & Leslie, 1980). By 1955 state aid accounted for 34% of public community college revenue (Martorana, 1978). This period witnessed the emergence of still another form of control, the regional two-year institutions fully controlled and maintained by the state (Medsker & Tillery, 1971).…”

Section: Patterns Of Control and Community College Financementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the late 1950s most states had enacted legislation establishing community colleges as separate institutions between public schools and institutions of higher education (Wattenbarger & Cage, 1974). Following this change in control, the portion of community college revenue derived from state aid increased to 58% (Martorana, 1978). Hyde and Augenblick (1980) cited several community college financial studies completed in the 1950s.…”

Section: Patterns Of Control and Community College Financementioning

confidence: 99%

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Community college finance: current funds revenue sources in 11 Midwest states in the decade of the 1990s

Kenton

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Twelve current funds revenue sources utilized by 212 community colleges in 11 Midwest states during the decade of the 1990s were analyzed, using data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), available on the Internet. Comparisons were made by state as well as time, using the two-way analysis of variance. Of particular interest were trends in the proportions of student tuition and fees, and state and/or local appropriations from 1990 to 1995 to 2000. Also examined was the states' use of alternative funding sources to compensate for a possible reduction in government appropriations. Different funding models within the 11 states were identified. They were evaluated in terms of their success in sustaining or increasing revenue income without a disproportionate increase in student tuition and fees. Significant differences were found among the states in the proportion of total current funds revenue attributed to the 12 sources, especially for tuition and fees, state appropriations, and local appropriations. The community colleges in the study were not actively utilizing alternative funding sources. The proportion of total current funds revenue was less than .05 for each of 6 revenue sources (federal appropriations, local grants, private gifts, endowment income, sales and service of educational activities, and other sources of revenue). Overall, a significant difference in funding was found between the years 1990 and 1995 for state appropriations and student tuition and fees. For the decade, eight states reported a proportional decrease in state appropriations. Six of these states had an increase in tuition and fees. Two states indicated an increase in local appropriations. A continuing trend of reduced proportion of state support was found. Statistically significant state by year

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