“…Two questions consistently problematize citizenship education 34 Osborne, 2003). Despite the sensitive territory, group identities have nonetheless been examined because of their powerful potential to impact human behaviour and social preferences (Carter, 2013;Charnysh, Lucas, & Singh, 2015;Chen & Li, 2009;Benjamin, Choi, & Strickland, 2010;Hooghe & Quintelier, 2013), especially as they relate to political identities, opinions, and actions (Ashizawa, 2008;Berdahl & Raney, 2010;Caron, 2012;Nimijean, 2005;Raney & Berdahl, 2011;Raney & Berdahl, 2009). Thus, it is important to investigate the civic subjectivities of Canadians in these changing times as they can impact civic attitudes and actions.…”