Shifting the paradigm on cultural property and heritage in international law and armed conflict: time to talk about reparations?

Moffett, Luke; Viejo-Rose, Dacia; Hickey, Robin

doi:10.1080/13527258.2019.1666295

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…115 The rehabilitation of heritage is a far more agonistic process than is suggested by flawed metaphors for healing like the Mostar bridge. 116 Even without overt hostility, selective reconstruction inevitably creates 'hierarchies of victimhood' that undermine any re-emerging tranquillity 117 or reinscribe old power relations with slight variations. It will often be the case that some groups will disagree with the reconstruction of certain aspects of tangible heritage, seeing it as triumphalist, chauvinistic or a provocation.…”

Section: Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Even scholars who acknowledge its importance eschew detailed treatment on the reasonable grounds that 'its meaning has not been fully developed under international law.' 10 Beyond a compelling recent study of the role of reparations (albeit one exploring both tangible and intangible cultural heritage), 11 international criminal law represents the main area where physical wreckage of important sites has been addressed. The ICTY's treatment of cultural destruction in the Strugar, Prlic ́et al and Jokic ́cases has attracted considerable academic attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Picking up the pieces: Transitional justice responses to destruction of tangible cultural heritage

Coakley

McAuliffe

2022

Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights

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The intentional destruction of tangible cultural heritage is commonplace in contemporary conflict. Heritage has immense social, symbolic, and spiritual value and its destruction reveals a broader attack on cultural identity and coexistence. Transitional justice (TJ) efforts have largely neglected cultural destruction as part of a wider marginalisation of cultural rights. This article considers why this is the case and argues that TJ has a meaningful role to play in engaging with issues of collective identity by countering harmful narratives of difference and recognising the legitimacy of cultural variance. It explores the ways TJ can incorporate cultural destruction within the remit of truth commissions, shape educational curricula and influence physical reconstruction of destroyed heritage. In so doing, it can give effect to the indivisibility and interdependence of civil and political, socio-economic, and cultural rights.

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Section: Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picking up the pieces: Transitional justice responses to destruction of tangible cultural heritage

Coakley

McAuliffe

2022

Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights

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“…105 Moreover, at some point more or less distant in the future, memorialization sites can become the subject of contestation and conflict. 106 Thus, memorialization measures are as powerful as they are delicate, and any decision concerning their appropriateness had to be treated with extreme care. Here, consulting the matter with experts became essential.…”

Section: Third Challenge: To Memorialize or Not Memorializementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Reparations in the Al Mahdi Case

Lostal¹

2021

Journal of International Criminal Justice

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The city of Timbuktu evokes remoteness and, since 2012, chaos and destruction. During an armed conflict in the north of Mali, radicals took over the city and destroyed several of its mausoleums. One of the perpetrators, Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, was convicted at the International Criminal Court (ICC) for his participation in the destruction of 10 religious and historic buildings. The unprecedented nature of the Al Mahdi case led to an equally unprecedented question at the reparations phase: who are the victims of cultural heritage destruction and how should their harm be addressed? Drawing from the author’s personal involvement in the case as an appointed expert, this article is a journey into how this question was resolved and the practical challenges it posed during the implementation phase. These challenges, while specific to the Al Mahdi case, provide a framework to demonstrate the level of complexity involved in the implementation of reparations. The article focuses on three ‘monumental’ challenges: (i) whether ‘unborn children’ should be included in the pool of victims given that cultural heritage is meant to be preserved for the benefit of future generations; (ii) what place women ought to occupy in the implementation of reparations, despite the customary practices of side-lining them; and (iii) the decision of whether to memorialize events surrounding the crime. On the latter challenge, the article introduces the concept of ‘restorative agency’, a working principle that was adopted to ensure memorialization practices reflect the experience of victims. Incidentally, this article reveals some of the work of the Trust Fund for Victims, one of the ICC’s least comprehended creations, and briefly discusses the role of experts during implementation moving forward.

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“…La conceptualización de la construcción de paz (peacebuilding) y sus enlaces con el patrimonio cultural, y en consecuencia, un enfoque dirigido a los procesos de reparación de las víctimas (Hammami et al, 2022;Hickey y Killean, 2021;Moffett et al, 2020;Uribe et al, 2022Uribe et al, , 2023Viejo-Rose, 2015Viejo-Rose y Killean, 2020;Walters et al, 2017), parte del reconocimiento que las prácticas de construcción de la paz están muy relacionadas, ya que los objetos, lugares y las manifestaciones patrimoniales (materiales e inmateriales), son el objetivo militar de los conflictos en todo el mundo. Y como constante, las expresiones culturales de los pueblos vulnerables son las que directamente se lastiman por los agresores para transgredir las diferencias y resignificarlas a través de los crímenes de odio.…”

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“…Y como constante, las expresiones culturales de los pueblos vulnerables son las que directamente se lastiman por los agresores para transgredir las diferencias y resignificarlas a través de los crímenes de odio. De acuerdo con Viejo-Rose y Killean (2020), se reitera que los ataques contra el patrimonio cultural han sido el arma habitual de la violencia extrema contra las comunidades identificadas con religiones, etnias, naciones y razas, como medio explícito de aniquilarlo, incluso con el genocidio (Moffett et al, 2020). Mientras que la dimensión física de la destrucción es evidente durante los conflictos y puede restaurarse hasta cierto punto, la intención más profunda que busca subyugar, dominar y borrar las identidades de los grupos ha recibido menos atención, como mencionamos anteriormente.…”

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Los retos para la reparación de las comunidades del paisaje sonoro del Caribe colombiano: una revisión del caso de la masacre del El Salado

Velandia Silva,

Uribe Sarmiento

2023

Studia Humanitatis Journal

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Entre el 16 y el 22 de febrero de 2000, en la comunidad de El Salado, en la región caribeña de los Montes de María, Colombia, un comando paramilitar (ejército promovido por las fuerzas de ultra derecha del Estado Colombiano), perpetró la muerte de 66 personas entre hombres, mujeres y niños, utilizando su música tradicional, manipulando sus instrumentos después de cada asesinato o violación brutal. El capítulo indaga en las acciones del Estado colombiano en el intento de reparación de los profundos daños infringidos a la manifestación del patrimonio inmaterial perteneciente al paisaje sonoro de los tambores, pitos, cantos y gaitas del Caribe colombiano; y la discusión que lo anterior plantea como alternativas para la construcción de paz.

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Shifting the paradigm on cultural property and heritage in international law and armed conflict: time to talk about reparations?

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Picking up the pieces: Transitional justice responses to destruction of tangible cultural heritage

Picking up the pieces: Transitional justice responses to destruction of tangible cultural heritage

Implementing Reparations in the Al Mahdi Case

Los retos para la reparación de las comunidades del paisaje sonoro del Caribe colombiano: una revisión del caso de la masacre del El Salado

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