Shifts in depositional environments as a natural response to anthropogenic alterations: Nakdong Estuary, South Korea

Effects of semi-lunar tidal cycling on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions: a case study in the Yangtze River estuary, China

“…In China and other countries, many engineering projects (such as levee, floodgates, and sea wall construction) have been implemented to regulate tidal flow in river estuaries or estuarine wetlands (Wang et al 2006;Williams et al 2013). These projects modify tidal patterns and/or hydrology of seawater and freshwater, thereby altering carbon cycling and GHG emissions in those wetlands.…”

Mechanism for sediment convergence in the anthropogenically altered microtidal Nakdong Estuary, South Korea

“…Note: for the majority of the estuary (except channels) these data have very low spatial resolution (N250 m) due to predominantly shallow depths (b2 m) and should be interpreted with caution. Contour lines of average sediment accumulation rates taken from Williams et al (2013). WG = Western Gate.…”

“…The combination of these effects resulted in extremely rapid geomorphologic changes and high accumulation rates within the estuary accompanied by a redistribution of facies. Ultimately, this resulted in a shift from a relatively tide-dominated system toward an increasingly wave-dominated system over the last century (Williams et al, 2013). With the predominance of discharge from the main floodgate, adjacent areas have been shown to have the highest average sediment accumulation rates, while the absence of discharge from the Noksan dam has resulted in less accumulation closer to the W. Nakdong River.…”

“…Based on 210Pb and 137Cs radioisotope geochronology, average sediment accumulation rates have been determined to range from 2.2 cm yr −1 adjacent to the Noksan Dam to as high as 6.5 cm yr − 1 near the confluence of the W. and E. Eulsuk channels ( Fig. 1) (Williams et al, 2013).…”

Study on the Long-term Changes in Water Quality and Benthic Ecology and Evaluation on Effect of the Barrage in Nakdong River Estuary

“…국내 대표적인 하구인 낙동강 하구는 "철새의 낙원"으로 상징되듯이, 중요하고 풍부한 생태계임에도 불구하고 하굿 둑건설, 신항만 건설, 4대강 사업, 공단 및 주거단지조성 등 으로 인한 환경악화와 생태계 훼손 압력에 꾸준히 시달리 고 있다 (Song et al, 2000, Williams et al, 2013. 하굿둑 건설과 같은 대형토목공사는 물의 교환율 감소, 염분 감소 등을 발생시켜 수계환경에 큰 영향을 미치는데 (Leentvaar and Nijboer, 1986) (BDI, 2001(BDI, , 2002(BDI, , 2003(BDI, , 2004.…”