Shifts in soil fungal communities in Tuber melanosporum plantations over a 20-year transition from agriculture fields to oak woodlands

Abstract

Aim of study: To explore the diversity of soil fungi found in black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) plantations following the introduction of the mycorrhizal-colonized host tree, (Quercus ilex), through the development of the brûlé and production of mature sporocarps.Area of study: This research was carried out in the province of Teruel, Aragon (central eastern Spain). Material and Methods:Soil samples from 6 plantations were collected beneath Q. ilex trees inoculated with T. melanosporum, of 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 20 years after out planting in truffle plantations. Soil DNA was extracted, PCR-amplified and sequenced to compare soil fungi present at different ages.Main results: As tree age increased, we observed an increased frequency of T. melanosporum (from 8% to 71% of sequenced colonies) and concomitant decrease in the combined frequency of Fusarium spp. and Phoma spp. (from 64% to 3%).Research highlights: There are important shifts in species richness and in functional groups in the soil fungal communities in maturing black truffle-oak woodland plantations. The observed inverse relationship between the frequency of soil endophytic and/ or pathogenic fungi and that of the mycorrhizal mutualist T. melanosporum provides support to continue a deeper analysis of shifts in fungal communities and functional groups where there is a transition from agriculture fields to woodlands.

Fungal and Bacterial Communities in Tuber melanosporum Plantations from Northern Spain

“…in the soils of young plantations of T. melanosporum, which decreased with increasing age of the stand. Due to the fact that the plantations in which we have collected the samples were generally young (5 to 12 years old), the presence of Fusarium in the soil agrees with what was found by Liu et al [76]. Despite this, these putative plant pathogens did not appear to harm the trees in the plantations, since Oliach et al [75] also found a greater development of the root collar in these soils with a higher abundance of T. melanosporum and pathogens.…”

“…These authors related this greater abundance of Fusarium in soils with T. melanosporum to the presence of plants weakened during the formation of the brûlé, which are more susceptible to being attacked by the pathogen. Furthermore, Liu et al [76] found a higher amount of Fusarium spp. in the soils of young plantations of T. melanosporum, which decreased with increasing age of the stand.…”

Вплив мікоризного гриба Tuber Melanosporum на біорізноманіття мікроміцетів ризосфери та ріст і продуктивність фундука

“…Поглинальна здатність кореня рослини збільшується завдяки тому, що гіфи мають ширший радіус та швидкість поширення, ніж кореневі волоски, а також здатні поглинати поживні речовини у низьких концентраціях. Особливо важливе значення має мікориза у покращенні фосфорного живлення [2,3,4,9,17,21]. Рослина отримує фосфор у вигляді поліфосфатів через гіфи мікоризних грибів.…”

“…Бактерії, які сприяють утворенню мікробного симбіозу, називають хеллерами. Вони стимулюють ріст грибів на стадії перед симбіозом, збільшуючи вірогідність контакту коренів з грибами [5,6,9,12,16,17,20,21,22].…”