Shifts in the Oral Microbiota During a Four-Week Commercial Saturation Dive to 200 Meters

Monnoyer, Roxane; Haugum, Kjersti; Lautridou, Jacky; Hjelde, Astrid; Eftedal, Ingrid

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.669355

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The predicted changes in oxygen-dependent metabolism are consistent with the results from our prior taxonomic analysis, where the composition of bacterial communities was found to shift during the bottom phase in favor of aerobes (Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria) over anaerobes (Fusobacteria) (Monnoyer et al, 2021). An increase in pathways involved in the TCA cycle and electron carrier biosynthesis is consistent with communities in which aerobes predominate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In light of emerging awareness of the intimate interactions between the human body and its microbiota, the results may contribute to a better understanding of physiological responses to the extreme environments in saturation diving. We used PICRUSt2 for functional abundance analysis on 16S rRNA sequence data from a previous study (Monnoyer et al, 2021) and confirmed our hypothesis of a relative increase in the abundance of aerobic pathways and a concomitant decrease in anaerobic pathways. Interestingly, the analysis also predicted decreases in several components of vitB 12 biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…We have previously reported a transient shift in the composition of the oral microbiota during commercial saturation diving (Monnoyer et al, 2021). The shift reflected changes in oxygen availability and consisted primarily of an increase in aerobic and oxygen tolerant bacteria at the expense of obligate anaerobes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…All experimental procedures were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki principles for ethical human experimentation. The divers' characteristics and criteria for eligibility are presented in Monnoyer et al (2021).…”

Section: Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the decompression, ppO 2 was increased to 50 kPa until 13 msw and then gradually reduced to 21 kPa until surface. Saliva samples were collected into OMNIgene ORAL OM-505-tubes (DNA Genotek, Ottawa, Canada) and sequenced on a Illumina NextSeq flowcell generating 16S rRNA metagenomic data, as described earlier (Monnoyer et al, 2021). The saturation diving profile and sample collection time points for this study are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Study Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Profiling Reveals Altered Metabolic Activity in Divers’ Oral Microbiota During Commercial Heliox Saturation Diving

et al. 2021

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Background: The extreme environment in saturation diving affects all life forms, including the bacteria that reside on human skin and mucosa. The oral cavity alone is home to hundreds of different bacteria. In this study, we examined the metabolic activity of oral bacteria from healthy males during commercial heliox saturation diving. We focused on environmentally induced changes that might affect the divers’ health and fitness.Methods: We performed pathway abundance analysis using PICRUSt2, a bioinformatics software package that uses marker gene data to compute the metabolic activity of microbial communities. The analysis is based on 16S rRNA metagenomic data generated from the oral microbiota of 23 male divers before, during, and after 4weeks of commercial heliox saturation diving. Environmentally induced changes in bacterial metabolism were computed from differences in predicted pathway abundances at baseline before, versus during, and immediately after saturation diving.Results and Conclusion: The analysis predicted transient changes that were primarily associated with the survival and growth of bacteria in oxygenated environments. There was a relative increase in the abundance of aerobic metabolic pathways and a concomitant decrease in anaerobic metabolic pathways, primarily comprising of energy metabolism, oxidative stress responses, and adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis. Adenosylcobalamin is a bioactive form of vitamin B12 (vitB12), and a reduction in vitB12 biosynthesis may hypothetically affect the divers’ physiology. While host effects of oral bacterial vitamin metabolism are uncertain, this is a finding that concurs with the existing recommendations for vitB12 supplements as part of the divers’ diet, whether to boost antioxidant defenses in bacteria or their host or to improve oxygen transport during saturation diving.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Profiling Reveals Altered Metabolic Activity in Divers’ Oral Microbiota During Commercial Heliox Saturation Diving

et al. 2021

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Identification of commensal gut microbiota signatures as predictors of clinical severity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis

Montgomery,

Wang,

Mirza

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. Clinical presentation and disease course are highly heterogeneous. Typically, disease progression occurs over time and is characterized by the gradual accumulation of disability. The risk of developing MS is driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiome. How the commensal gut microbiota impacts disease severity and progression over time remains unknown. In a longitudinal study, disability status and associated clinical features in 58 MS patients were tracked over 4.2 ± 0.98 years, and the baseline fecal gut microbiome was characterized via 16S amplicon sequencing. Progressor status, defined as patients with an increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), were correlated with features of the gut microbiome to determine candidate microbiota associated with risk of MS disease progression. We found no overt differences in microbial community diversity and overall structure between MS patients exhibiting disease progression and non-progressors. However, a total of 41 bacterial species were associated with worsening disease, including a marked depletion in Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Oscillospiraceae, with an expansion of Alloprevotella, Prevotella-9, and Rhodospirillales. Analysis of the metabolic potential of the inferred metagenome from taxa associated with progression revealed enrichment in oxidative stress-inducing aerobic respiration at the expense of microbial vitamin K2 production (linked to Akkermansia), and a depletion in SCFA metabolism (linked to Oscillospiraceae). Further, as a proof of principle, statistical modeling demonstrated that microbiota composition and clinical features were sufficient to predict disease progression. Additionally, we found that constipation, a frequent gastrointestinal comorbidity among MS patients, exhibited a divergent microbial signature compared with progressor status. These results demonstrate a proof of principle for the utility of the gut microbiome for predicting disease progression in MS in a small well-defined cohort. Further, analysis of the inferred metagenome suggested that oxidative stress, vitamin K2, and SCFAs are associated with progression, warranting future functional validation and mechanistic study.

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Identification of commensal gut microbiota signatures as predictors of clinical severity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis

Montgomery

Wang

Mirza³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. Clinical presentation and disease course are highly heterogeneous. Typically, disease progression occurs over time and is characterized by the gradual accumulation of disability. The risk of developing MS is driven by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiome. How the commensal gut microbiota impacts disease severity and progression over time remains unknown. Methods: In a longitudinal study, disability status and associated clinical features in 60 MS patients were tracked over 4.2 +/- 0.97 years, and the baseline fecal gut microbiome was characterized via 16S amplicon sequencing. Progressor status, defined as patients with an increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), were correlated with features of the gut microbiome to determine candidate microbiota associated with risk of MS disease progression. Results: We found no overt differences in microbial community diversity and overall structure between MS patients exhibiting disease progression and non-progressors. However, a total of 45 bacterial species were associated with worsening disease, including a marked depletion in Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, and Oscillospiraceae, with an expansion of Alloprevotella, Prevotella-9, and Rhodospirillales. Analysis of the metabolic potential of the inferred metagenome from taxa associated with progression revealed a significant enrichment in oxidative stress-inducing aerobic respiration at the expense of microbial vitamin K2 production (linked to Akkermansia), and a depletion in SCFA metabolism (linked to Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae). Further, statistical modeling demonstrated that microbiota composition and clinical features were sufficient to robustly predict disease progression. Additionally, we found that constipation, a frequent gastrointestinal comorbidity among MS patients, exhibited a divergent microbial signature compared with progressor status. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the utility of the gut microbiome for predicting disease progression in MS. Further, analysis of the inferred metagenome revealed that oxidative stress, vitamin K2 and SCFAs are associated with progression.

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Shifts in the Oral Microbiota During a Four-Week Commercial Saturation Dive to 200 Meters

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Functional Profiling Reveals Altered Metabolic Activity in Divers’ Oral Microbiota During Commercial Heliox Saturation Diving

Functional Profiling Reveals Altered Metabolic Activity in Divers’ Oral Microbiota During Commercial Heliox Saturation Diving

Identification of commensal gut microbiota signatures as predictors of clinical severity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis

Identification of commensal gut microbiota signatures as predictors of clinical severity and disease progression in multiple sclerosis

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