Shifts in the physical environment in the Pacific Arctic and implications for ecological timing and conditions

Baker, Matthew R.; Кивва, К. К.; Pisareva, Maria N.; Watson, Jordan T.; Selivanova, Julia

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104802

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Recently, the region showed signs of a warming trend, including drastic reductions in sea ice extent and an increase in the transport of warm Pacific waters delivering more heat and freshwater, and potentially more nutrients and biota, into the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait [ 1 – 8 ]. Amid this long-term warming trend, anomalously warm conditions were observed in the Pacific Arctic from 2017 into 2019, including an unprecedented loss of sea ice, even in the context of other recent warm years [ 1 , 9 , 10 ]. Sea ice cover barely extended south of Bering Strait in early January 2017 and remained well below the long-term average during the entire winter [ 1 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a warm anomaly in the Pacific Arctic region derived from time-series export fluxes

Lalande¹,

Grebmeier

McDonnell

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Unusually warm conditions recently observed in the Pacific Arctic region included a dramatic loss of sea ice cover and an enhanced inflow of warmer Pacific-derived waters. Moored sediment traps deployed at three biological hotspots of the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) during this anomalously warm period collected sinking particles nearly continuously from June 2017 to July 2019 in the northern Bering Sea (DBO2) and in the southern Chukchi Sea (DBO3), and from August 2018 to July 2019 in the northern Chukchi Sea (DBO4). Fluxes of living algal cells, chlorophyll a (chl a), total particulate matter (TPM), particulate organic carbon (POC), and zooplankton fecal pellets, along with zooplankton and meroplankton collected in the traps, were used to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in the development and composition of the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in relation to sea ice cover and water temperature. The unprecedented sea ice loss of 2018 in the northern Bering Sea led to the export of a large bloom dominated by the exclusively pelagic diatoms Chaetoceros spp. at DBO2. Despite this intense bloom, early sea ice breakup resulted in shorter periods of enhanced chl a and diatom fluxes at all DBO sites, suggesting a weaker biological pump under reduced ice cover in the Pacific Arctic region, while the coincident increase or decrease in TPM and POC fluxes likely reflected variations in resuspension events. Meanwhile, the highest transport of warm Pacific waters during 2017–2018 led to a dominance of the small copepods Pseudocalanus at all sites. Whereas the export of ice-associated diatoms during 2019 suggested a return to more typical conditions in the northern Bering Sea, the impact on copepods persisted under the continuously enhanced transport of warm Pacific waters. Regardless, the biological pump remained strong on the shallow Pacific Arctic shelves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a warm anomaly in the Pacific Arctic region derived from time-series export fluxes

Lalande¹,

Grebmeier

McDonnell

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Seasonal sea ice cover and physical transformation are the main factors shaping the water masses and ecosystem of the Chukchi Sea (Bates & Mathis, 2009). In recent decadal years, this region has experienced profound environmental changes, including sea ice loss (Baker et al., 2020), seawater warming (Yang & Bai, 2020), and increases in freshwater inputs (Woodgate, 2018). These changes have resulted in great variations in nutrient level (Mills et al., 2018), primary production (Hill et al., 2018; Lewis et al., 2020), phytoplankton community structure (Fujiwara et al., 2014), air‐sea CO 2 flux (Manizza et al., 2019), and ocean acidification (Bates, 2015; Qi et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Seasonal sea ice cover and physical transformation are the main factors shaping the water masses and ecosystem of the Chukchi Sea (Bates & Mathis, 2009). In recent decadal years, this region has experienced profound environmental changes, including sea ice loss (Baker et al, 2020), seawater warming (Yang & Bai, 2020), and increases in freshwater inputs (Woodgate, 2018). These changes have resulted in great

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Air‐Sea CO₂ Flux in the Chukchi Sea Using a Coupled Ocean‐Sea Ice‐Biogeochemical Model

et al. 2021

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Understanding the responses of air‐sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux to rapid environmental changes in the highly productive Chukchi Sea is of great significance for the climate prediction in the Arctic Ocean. Through analyzing the 1998–2015 hindcast simulation of a coupled ocean–sea ice–biogeochemical model, this study identifies that the key factors influencing oceanic carbon uptake in the Chukchi Sea vary seasonally. The effects of these seasonal carbon uptakes on the total annual carbon sink vary at different timescales. The model solution suggests that the Chukchi Sea acts as a perennial carbon sink of atmospheric CO2 with the annual mean influx of −3.73 ± 3.90 mmol m−2 d−1. Quantitative analyses reveal that the sea ice concentration predominates the annual cycle of air‐sea CO2 flux, while primary production and wind speed strengthen the capacity for carbon uptake during June–July (melt season) and October–December (freeze season), respectively. The total annual carbon sink shows an increasing trend during 1998–2015 with a multi‐year average of 9.22 ± 1.93 Tg C y−1. The carbon uptakes during June–July and August–September (open water season), which are respectively regulated by primary production and open water area at interannual scale, present significant long‐term increases and jointly determine the secular increase trend of the total annual carbon sink. Interannual CO2 absorption during the freeze season is sensitive to the sea ice concentration and wind conditions, presenting the greatest year‐to‐year variation but insignificant long‐term trend, and modulates the interannual amplitude of the total annual carbon sink.

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“…The warming of Chukchi Sea waters has tripled in rate in the last two decades compared to the long-term trend (Danielson et al 2020). In recent years, the extent of open water (ice-free) in the Chukchi has reached unprecedented levels (Baker et al 2020). Consequently, considerable attention has been focused on possible changes in the plankton community, the base of the marine food web.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summary of the 2011-2020 sampling, conditions, and tintinnid assemblages. August Sea Ice Extent: for the entire Arctic Ocean, (106 km 2 ), from the National Snow and Ice Data Center; May Open Water: Annual extent of open water in the Chukchi Sea on May 15 th , (103 km 2 ), fromBaker et al (2020). Coefficient of variation of the concentration of chlorophyll among station is indicated by CoV[Chl].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Shifts in the physical environment in the Pacific Arctic and implications for ecological timing and conditions

Cited by 42 publications

References 112 publications

Impact of a warm anomaly in the Pacific Arctic region derived from time-series export fluxes

Impact of a warm anomaly in the Pacific Arctic region derived from time-series export fluxes

Analysis of the Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Air‐Sea CO₂ Flux in the Chukchi Sea Using a Coupled Ocean‐Sea Ice‐Biogeochemical Model

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Shifts in the physical environment in the Pacific Arctic and implications for ecological timing and conditions

Cited by 42 publications

References 112 publications

Impact of a warm anomaly in the Pacific Arctic region derived from time-series export fluxes

Impact of a warm anomaly in the Pacific Arctic region derived from time-series export fluxes

Analysis of the Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Air‐Sea CO2 Flux in the Chukchi Sea Using a Coupled Ocean‐Sea Ice‐Biogeochemical Model

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Analysis of the Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Air‐Sea CO₂ Flux in the Chukchi Sea Using a Coupled Ocean‐Sea Ice‐Biogeochemical Model