Shigellosis Due to Shigella dysenteriae 1: Relative Importance of Mucosal Invasion versus Toxin Production in Pathogenesis

Gemski, P.; Takeuchi, Akio; Washington, O.; Formal, Samuel B.

doi:10.1093/infdis/126.5.523

Cited by 94 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In distinct contrast, shigellae species which penetrate the intestinal epithelium also evoke fluid exsorption (1,23,35). A single species of shigella, Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shiga bacillus, both penetrates the mucosa and elaborates an enterotoxin (7); either of these attributes can independently produce a positive loop (43). The precise mechanism whereby this organism causes intestinal fluid production is still uncertain.…”

Section: Additional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis STUDIES OF FLUID SECRETION, MUCOSAL INVASION, AND MORPHOLOGIC REACTION IN THE RABBIT ILEUM

Giannella¹,

Formal²,

Dammin³

et al. 1973

J. Clin. Invest.

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191

111

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A B S T R A C T Strains of Salmonela typhimurium were studied in the ligated rabbit ileal loop model to gain insight into the mechanisms whereby bacteria which invade the gastrointestinal mucosa evoke fluid exsorption. The organisms employed differed in various biologic attributes including the ability to invade the ileal epithelium, multiply within the mucosa, elicit an acute inflammatory reaction, and disseminate across the intestinal wall. Some strains provoked small intestinal fluid exsorption although these did not elaborate enterotoxin. Only those strains which invaded the mucosa were accompanied by either mucosal inflammation or fluid exsorption. Noninvasive strains produced neither histologic abnormalities nor fluid secretion. While strains which invaded the mucosa caused an acute inflammatory reaction, not all such strains evoked flnid secretion. Furthermore, there was no correlation in ability of invasive organisms to evoke fluid secretion or in the intensity of mucosal inflammation, number of intramucosal salmonellae, or in ability to disseminate from the rabbit ileum.These observations suggest that, as is the case in shigellosis, mucosal invasion may be a necessary factor for the intestinal fluid loss in salmonellosis. A bacterial property or factor, in addition to invasion of the gastrointestinal mucosa, seems to be responsible for fluid exsorption. However, it is unlikely that a salmonella enterotoxin comparable to that elaborated by Vibrio cholerae, toxigenic Escherichia coli, or Shigella dysenteriae 1 is related to fluid secretion in salmonellosis.A preliminary report has been published in abstract form. 1972. Gastroenterology. 62: 752.

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Section: Additional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis STUDIES OF FLUID SECRETION, MUCOSAL INVASION, AND MORPHOLOGIC REACTION IN THE RABBIT ILEUM

Giannella¹,

Formal²,

Dammin³

et al. 1973

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

191

111

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“…The pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery due to Shiga's bacillus, Shigella dysenteriae 1, has been the subject of recent controversy (1,2). At the center of this controversy is the importance and role of two virulence attributes of the organism: (a) the ability to invade epithelial cells (1) and (b) to produce exotoxins with cytotoxic (cell death) and enterotoxic (intestinal fluid secretion) properties (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the center of this controversy is the importance and role of two virulence attributes of the organism: (a) the ability to invade epithelial cells (1) and (b) to produce exotoxins with cytotoxic (cell death) and enterotoxic (intestinal fluid secretion) properties (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gemski et al (1) and Levine et al (3) have followed an imaginative, direct line of investigation to assess the relative importance of these two properties. Their studies have attempted, through genetic manipulation of the organisms, to isolate each of the virulence attributes in different strains and to determine the capacity of the resultant organism to produce intestinal disease in the most relevant intact natural host, man himself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. Serum anticytotoxin antibody response produced by toxigenic and nontoxigenic Shigella dysenteriae 1.

Keusch¹,

Jacewicz²,

Levine³

et al. 1976

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…E A(lac-proAB) F'(traD36proAB+ laclIq lacZAM15)] was used as a host for the M13 bacteriophages (45). The S. dysentenae serotype 1 strain 3818T (Centers for Disease Control, enteric reference number 3818-69), which produces high levels of STX, and a nontoxigenic mutant of 3818T designated 725-78 (11,27) were also used in this study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a B subunit gene promoter in the Shiga toxin operon of Shigella dysenteriae 1

Habib

Jackson

1992

J Bacteriol

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The Shiga toxin operon (six) is composed of A and B subunit genes which are transcribed as a bicistronic mRNA from a promoter which lies 5' to the stxA gene. Northern (RNA) blot and primer extension analyses revealed the existence of a second stxB gene transcript. Recombinant plasmids which carried the stxB gene without the six operon promoter and with the influence of a vector promoter abrogated produced STX B polypeptides, suggesting that the stxB gene mRNA was transcribed from an independent promoter and was not produced by endoribonucleolytic processing of the bicistronic mRNA. Examination of the DNA sequences 5' to the siB gene transcription initiation site which were carried by the recombinant plasmids revealed a region with high homology to the consensus for Escherichia coil promoters. Deletion and mutation ofthis region affected StxB and holotoxin production, establishing its role in the regulation of the stxB gene. Comparison of the promoters by using a transcription analysis vector revealed that the stxB gene promoter differed from the sit operon promoter in that was approximately sixfold less efficient and was not repressed by iron. Identification of a second promoter in the six operon indicates that independent transcription of the stxB gene may regulate overproduction of the STX B polypeptides and may contribute to the 1A5B subunit stoichiometry of the holotoxin.Shiga toxin (STX), which is produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1, is the prototype for a family of related cytotoxins produced by strains of Escherichia coli that are associated with human and animal disease (29)

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Shigellosis Due to Shigella dysenteriae 1: Relative Importance of Mucosal Invasion versus Toxin Production in Pathogenesis

Cited by 94 publications

References 7 publications

Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis STUDIES OF FLUID SECRETION, MUCOSAL INVASION, AND MORPHOLOGIC REACTION IN THE RABBIT ILEUM

Pathogenesis of Salmonellosis STUDIES OF FLUID SECRETION, MUCOSAL INVASION, AND MORPHOLOGIC REACTION IN THE RABBIT ILEUM

Pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. Serum anticytotoxin antibody response produced by toxigenic and nontoxigenic Shigella dysenteriae 1.

Identification of a B subunit gene promoter in the Shiga toxin operon of Shigella dysenteriae 1

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