Shigellosis in men who have sex with men: an overlooked opportunity to counsel with pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV

Goulart, Michael A.; Wurcel, Alysse G.

doi:10.1177/0956462416638609

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, resistance profiles differed across groups at risk for shigellosis; 42 of the 43 domestically acquired DSA-Shigella cases in Minnesota occurred among men, 60% of whom were also infected with HIV. This trend has been observed in other jurisdictions and has implications for clinical testing, public health surveillance, case management, and prevention efforts (27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…General shigellosis prevention messages, such as avoiding certain activities such as preparing food for others and swimming while ill, should also be included. In addition, because of the high prevalence of HIV and recent STDs among men with shigellosis, clinicians might use a diagnosis of shigellosis in a man as a reason for HIV and STD screening and use HIV or STD diagnoses to counsel about prevention of shigellosis and other sexually transmitted enteric infections (29). Because patients could seek care from clinicians working with MSM in the context of STDs or general practitioners who might not provide treatment for STD patients, cross-training is needed to educate providers for prevention of shigellosis and potential indicators for STD risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased Susceptibility to Azithromycin in ClinicalShigellaIsolates Associated with HIV and Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Diseases, Minnesota, USA, 2012–2015

Eikmeier¹,

Talley²,

Bowen³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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S higella is an enteric bacterial pathogen that causes diarrhea (sometimes bloody), fever, and cramps (1). An estimated 500,000 Shigella infections occur annually in the United States (2). Shigella transmission is fecal-oral; it is easily spread person-to-person because of a low infectious dose. Outbreaks are most frequently documented in childcare settings but have also been reported among men who have sex with men (MSM) (3-7). Shigella infections are typically selflimiting, but treatment is recommended for patients with severe illness or underlying immunocompromising conditions (1,8). Antimicrobial drug treatment might shorten illness duration and is often used in childcare-associated outbreaks to prevent secondary transmission (1,8). When Shigella antimicrobial drug susceptibilities are unknown (e.g., when empiric therapy is started before culture and sensitivity results are available) or if the isolate is resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, oral treatment options include ciprofloxacin or azithromycin (1). However, fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin, are generally avoided for treatment in children because of the risk for musculoskeletal damage (9). The emergence of Shigella with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin (DSA) has been reported in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania (10-17). Local outbreaks and intercontinental sexual transmission of DSA-Shigella have been observed among MSM (10,15,18-20). Co-infection with other enteric pathogens and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have also been reported among MSM (20-24). In 2016, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) defined epidemiologic cutoff values for azithromycin resistance in S. sonnei or S. flexneri for the first time (25). Previously, the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) had documented DSA (azithromycin MIC >16 µg/ mL) among Shigella isolates; during 2011-2015, DSA prevalence increased from 0.9% to 6.1% among S. sonnei isolates and from 12.1% to 32.9% among S. flexneri

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Susceptibility to Azithromycin in ClinicalShigellaIsolates Associated with HIV and Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Diseases, Minnesota, USA, 2012–2015

Eikmeier¹,

Talley²,

Bowen³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…BTRC (Beta-Transducin Repeat Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase) is a protein coding gene. The protein encoded by BTRC is a member of the F-box protein family and disease associated with BTRC is Shigellosis [83]. Based on our analysis result, it was found that the expression of MKI67 , DLG2 and BTRC might be regulated by miR-4723-3p.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cross-Kingdom Regulation of Putative miRNAs Derived from Happy Tree in Cancer Pathway: A Systems Biology Approach

Kumar

Ayachit

et al. 2017

IJMS

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known key regulators of gene expression primarily at the post-transcriptional level. Plant-derived miRNAs may pass through the gastrointestinal tract, entering into the body fluid and regulate the expression of endogenous mRNAs. Camptotheca acuminata, a highly important medicinal plant known for its anti-cancer potential was selected to investigate cross-kingdom regulatory mechanism and involvement of miRNAs derived from this plant in cancer-associated pathways through in silico systems biology approach. In this study, total 33 highly stable putative novel miRNAs were predicted from the publically available 53,294 ESTs of C. acuminata, out of which 14 miRNAs were found to be regulating 152 target genes in human. Functional enrichment, gene-disease associations and network analysis of these target genes were carried out and the results revealed their association with prominent types of cancers like breast cancer, leukemia and lung cancer. Pathways like focal adhesion, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes and mTOR signaling pathways were found significantly associated with the target genes. The regulatory network analysis showed the association of some important hub proteins like GSK3B, NUMB, PEG3, ITGA2 and DLG2 with cancer-associated pathways. Based on the analysis results, it can be suggested that the ingestion of the C. acuminata miRNAs may have a functional impact on tumorigenesis in a cross-kingdom way and may affect the physiological condition at genetic level. Thus, the predicted miRNAs seem to hold potentially significant role in cancer pathway regulation and therefore, may be further validated using in vivo experiments for a better insight into their mechanism of epigenetic action of miRNA.

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“…Of the 39 studies included in this review, five did not describe any AMR to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone. 13,22,27,28,35 These included: a case report of a fully sensitive isolate of Shigella flexneri 2a; a case report where susceptibility testing identified the organism as sensitive to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and co-amoxiclav, but resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, sulphonamides and doxycycline; a case report of an isolate of S. flexneri 2a with ampicillin and co-trimoxazole resistance and two cases series with variable resistance to amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, and nalidixic acid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted Shigella in men who have sex with men: A systematic review

et al. 2023

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Background Outbreaks of sexually transmitted Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in men who have sex with men (MSM) are a major public health issue. While most cases can be managed conservatively, a minority require antimicrobial treatment. Recent reports have highlighted increasing antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of Shigella spp. in men who have sex with men. We aimed to systematically review antimicrobial resistance (and decreased antimicrobial sensitivity) in sexually transmitted shigella in men who have sex with men, focussing on macrolides, quinolones, and third generation cephalosporins. Methods We systematically searched 4 bibliographical databases (EMBASE, medline, EMCARE and CINAHL) from January 2011 to November 2021. We used a 2-stage process to assess eligibility: the primary author conducted an initial screen and then 3 authors conducted independent full-text reviews to determine the final eligible manuscripts. We only included manuscripts in English which included men who have sex with men with sexually transmitted shigella where data on antimicrobial resistance was available. Results Thirty-nine manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. A majority of the manuscripts ( N = 34) described reduced susceptibility or antimicrobial resistant to macrolides, quinolones and third generation cephalosporins in circulating strains of shigella within sexual networks of men who have sex with men. Extensively drug resistant outbreaks of shigella in men who have sex with men have been reported containing genetic markers of ceftriaxone resistance (e.g. BlaCTX-M27) where isolates also contained markers of reduced susceptibility, and antimicrobial resistant to macrolides and quinolones. Conclusion There is little role for macrolides, quinolones or third generation cephalosporins in the management of sexually transmitted shigella in men who have sex with men. More research is needed to develop novel strategies for shigella control in men who have sex with men, as antimicrobial options are diminishing.

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Shigellosis in men who have sex with men: an overlooked opportunity to counsel with pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Decreased Susceptibility to Azithromycin in ClinicalShigellaIsolates Associated with HIV and Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Diseases, Minnesota, USA, 2012–2015

Decreased Susceptibility to Azithromycin in ClinicalShigellaIsolates Associated with HIV and Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Diseases, Minnesota, USA, 2012–2015

Cross-Kingdom Regulation of Putative miRNAs Derived from Happy Tree in Cancer Pathway: A Systems Biology Approach

Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted Shigella in men who have sex with men: A systematic review

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