Shining light on multi‐drug resistant <i>Candida auris</i>: Ultraviolet‐C disinfection, wavelength sensitivity, and prevention of biofilm formation of an emerging yeast pathogen

Mariita, Richard M.; Davis, James; Lottridge, Michelle M.; Randive, Rajul V.

doi:10.1002/mbo3.1261

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cells belonging to all remaining clades/subclades investigated presented intermediate average sizes within narrow intervals (3.3~4.0 μm and 1.3~1.6 for size and aspect ratio, respectively). The above morphological observations are in line with microscopy observations presented by other authors on C. auris clades [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. However, so far, no direct comparisons for complete sets of C. auris clades/subclades cultured under exactly the same conditions could be found in the published literature.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Raman Metabolomics of Candida auris Clades: Profiling and Barcode Identification

Pezzotti

Kobara

Nakaya

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study targets on-site/real-time taxonomic identification and metabolic profiling of seven different Candida auris clades/subclades by means of Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Representative Raman spectra from different Candida auris samples were systematically deconvoluted by means of a customized machine-learning algorithm linked to a Raman database in order to decode structural differences at the molecular scale. Raman analyses of metabolites revealed clear differences in cell walls and membrane structure among clades/subclades. Such differences are key in maintaining the integrity and physical strength of the cell walls in the dynamic response to external stress and drugs. It was found that Candida cells use the glucan structure of the extracellular matrix, the degree of α-chitin crystallinity, and the concentration of hydrogen bonds between its antiparallel chains to tailor cell walls’ flexibility. Besides being an effective ploy in survivorship by providing stiff shields in the α–1,3–glucan polymorph, the α–1,3–glycosidic linkages are also water-insoluble, thus forming a rigid and hydrophobic scaffold surrounded by a matrix of pliable and hydrated β–glucans. Raman analysis revealed a variety of strategies by different clades to balance stiffness, hydrophobicity, and impermeability in their cell walls. The selected strategies lead to differences in resistance toward specific environmental stresses of cationic/osmotic, oxidative, and nitrosative origins. A statistical validation based on principal componendist analysis was found only partially capable of distinguishing among Raman spectra of clades and subclades. Raman barcoding based on an algorithm converting spectrally deconvoluted Raman sub-bands into barcodes allowed for circumventing any speciation deficiency. Empowered by barcoding bioinformatics, Raman analyses, which are fast and require no sample preparation, allow on-site speciation and real-time selection of appropriate treatments.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Raman Metabolomics of Candida auris Clades: Profiling and Barcode Identification

Pezzotti

Kobara

Nakaya

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…C. halotolerans is less susceptible compared to previously studied bacteria strains such as MRSA, A. baumannii and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium [30]. Like in the previous study, due to the inaccessibility of some LED packages, the 252 and 261 nm UVC LEDs were in packages with ball lenses, explaining their overall performance [31]. The relatively high germicidal efficacy of 267 nm is in alignment with previously observed trends in HVAC applications [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

UVC Inactivation of Black Mold is Wavelength-Dependent, and its Growth in HVAC Systems is Preventable Using Periodic Dosing with commercially available UVC LEDs

Mariita

Randive

Lottridge

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mold growth in HVAC systems poses a threat to human health, increases facility management operating costs due to decreased air flow efficiency, and damages buildings, impacting buildings' attractiveness in an ever more competitive property market concerned with both carbon footprint and ventilation quality. Although UVC treatment of HVAC systems has been shown to reduce growth, efficient design requires a specified amount of UVC dose coupled with a specific dosing strategy. UVC disinfection efficacy and wavelength sensitivity of spores from the most common and notorious black mold, Cladosporium halotolerans is not known. This study investigates the sensitivity of C. halotolerans and demonstrates that growth of black mold on HVAC coils can be effectively prevented with a periodic dosing scheme using commercially available UVC LEDs. Multiple UVC LED arrays with varying wavelength peaks in the range of 252-280 nm were used to demonstrate the spectral sensitivity of C. halotolerans by keeping the wavelength specific UVC dose equal in order to avoid bias. The data obtained for doses of 25, 75, 125, 175, and 225 mJ/cm2 was used. The data obtained was used to determine a dose response curve and susceptibility patterns. Disinfection performances for the arrays were determined using log reduction value (LRV) by comparing the controls against the irradiated treatments. To study mold growth prevention on HVAC coils, the 267 nm array which had the best disinfection efficacy was utilized. The coils were placed in a chamber with a temperature set at 24 °C and relative humidity (RH) at 96%. Unlike the controls, the test coil was irradiated with a dose of 28.8 mJ/cm2 every 12 hours. The coils were monitored, and observations were recorded using time-lapse videos. The highest disinfection level of black mold observed in the range of 250-280nm occurred at 267 nm, with 225 mJ/cm2 obtaining 4.03 LRV. Linear regression analysis at 95% for 252 nm (R2=0.9637, p=0.0030), 261 nm (R2=0.9711, p=0.0021), 267 nm (R2=0.9723, p=0.0020), 270 nm (R2=0.9819, p=0.0010), 273 nm (R2=0.9878, p=0.0006), and 280 nm (R2=0.9914, p=0.0003) displayed significant association between arrays' peak wavelengths and disinfection performances against C. halotolerans. The study revealed that a higher dose of 225 mJ/cm2 is required to disinfect C. halotolerans by 99.99% (4.03 LRV). However, using a periodic dosing strategy utilizing 28.8 mJ/cm2 prevented any mold growth, while the fungal levels in the positive control increased. The study allows for the design and implementation of mold growth prevention strategies in HVAC systems to improve health and lower operating costs.

show abstract

“…Hydrogen peroxide (> 1%) or vaporized hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and ultraviolet subtype-C (UV-C) light are also yeasticidal for C. auris [ 82 , 112 – 115 ]. The UV-C light also prevents biofilm formation [ 116 ]. The UV-C light was more effective in non-shaded areas than in shaded areas [ 115 ].…”

Section: Strategies To Prevent Transmission Of C Auris ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Prevent Transmission of Candida auris in Healthcare Settings

Ahmad

Asadzadeh

2023

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review Candida auris , a recently recognized yeast pathogen, has become a major public health threat due to the problems associated with its accurate identification, intrinsic and acquired resistance to antifungal drugs, and its potential to easily contaminate the environment causing clonal outbreaks in healthcare facilities. These outbreaks are associated with high mortality rates particularly among older patients with multiple comorbidities under intensive care settings. The purpose of this review is to highlight strategies that are being adapted to prevent transmission of C. auris in healthcare settings. Recent Findings Colonized patients shed C. auris into their environment which contaminates surrounding equipment. It resists elimination even by robust decontamination procedures and is easily transmitted to new patients during close contact resulting in outbreaks. Efforts are being made to rapidly identify C. auris -infected/ C. auris -colonized patients, to determine its susceptibility to antifungals, and to perform effective cleaning and decontamination of the environment and isolation of colonized patients to prevent further transmission. Summary Rapid and accurate identification of hospitalized patients infected/colonized with C. auris , rapid detection of its susceptibility patterns, and appropriate use of infection control measures can help to contain the spread of this highly pathogenic yeast in healthcare settings and prevent/control outbreaks.

show abstract

Shining light on multi‐drug resistant Candida auris: Ultraviolet‐C disinfection, wavelength sensitivity, and prevention of biofilm formation of an emerging yeast pathogen

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Raman Metabolomics of Candida auris Clades: Profiling and Barcode Identification

Raman Metabolomics of Candida auris Clades: Profiling and Barcode Identification

UVC Inactivation of Black Mold is Wavelength-Dependent, and its Growth in HVAC Systems is Preventable Using Periodic Dosing with commercially available UVC LEDs

Strategies to Prevent Transmission of Candida auris in Healthcare Settings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About