Ship emission monitoring sensor web for research and application

Zhou, Fan; Fan, Yunli; Zou, Jing; An, Bowen

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110980

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Sensors play a crucial role in detecting real-time data for managing phenomena like this and mitigating possible spikes of concentrations that are harmful to health. Another study [58] proposed a paradigm for constructing a ship emission monitoring sensor web (SEMSW). The goal of the previous research is to develop a feasible model to give satisfying answers to new regulations of maritime institutions and shipping companies in terms of emissions.…”

Section: Sensor Application For Environmental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Sensors for Sustainable and Safe Maritime Mobility

Briguglio,

Crupi

2024

JMSE

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The increasingly stringent requirements—in terms of limiting pollutants and the constant need to make maritime transport safer—generated the necessity to foresee different solutions that are original. According to the European Maritime Safety Agency, the total number of reported marine casualties and incidents is 21.173 over the period 2014–2021, with a yearly average of 2.647 casualties and incidents. According to the same source, 495 cases of pollution were reported in the period from 2014 to 2021. Marine pollution by ships’ fuel and other pollutants is linked to 64.2% of all pollution. It is mandatory to offer a new kind of ship that can exploit new technologies to increase safety for people and onboard goods. It has been found that existing marine structures for maritime mobility do not have essential sensors for avoiding emergency situations such as flooding, oil spills, or health situations requiring efficient monitoring. In addition, there is a lack of legislation defining the insertion of unmanned vehicles into the actual marine infrastructure. This review highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of sensors in the maritime sector, intensifying areas of improvement for future challenges, such as sensor energy efficiency, data processing, sensor fusion methodologies, and accurate sea state description with environmental monitoring by means of unmanned vehicles.

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Section: Sensor Application For Environmental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensor Application For Environmental Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Sensors for Sustainable and Safe Maritime Mobility

Briguglio,

Crupi

2024

JMSE

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“…Since the implementation of policies related to ship ECAs, numerous scholars have conducted a series of studies to verify the positive impact of ECA policies on air quality [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Among them, econometric models have received significant attention [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ship Emission Control Area Policies on Port Air Quality—A Case Study of Ningbo Port, China

Lu,

Zhou

2024

Sustainability

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The implementation effectiveness of ship emission control area (ECA) policies can be effectively evaluated using econometric models. However, existing studies mainly focus on changes in SO2 concentrations in the air. In order to comprehensively assess the impact of ECA policies on air quality, this study takes Ningbo Port in China as an example and uses a regression discontinuity (RD) model to analyze the influence of ship emissions around the wharf on concentrations of SO2, NO2, and particulate matter (PM) in the air. The results indicate that individual ships’ activities within the monitoring area (within 300 m) make a relatively small contribution to the concentration of SO2 in the air and do not form a significant breakpoint. However, there is a noticeable breakpoint in the concentration of NO2 around the monitoring point as the ship approaches. At the same time, the variation range of PM2.5 is significantly greater than that of PM10, which aligns with the characteristics of PM emitted by ships. The experimental results have passed three robustness tests, demonstrating that the current policy on ship ECAs has a positive limiting effect on SO2 emissions and, to some extent, reduces PM emissions. However, further reductions in ship emissions may require more restrictions in nitrogen oxide emissions.

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“…In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the potential of satellite data for monitoring ship pollution. [6][7][8][9][10] Satellites provide a unique vantage point from which every ship can be observed, regardless of its location or whether it is within the jurisdiction of port state authorities. This capability offers a more comprehensive and continuous monitoring approach that can complement and enhance the existing inspection-based methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring ship emissions using Sentinel-5P and AIS data

Werkmeister,

Carrel,

Porwal

et al. 2023

Earth Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing/Gis Applications XIV

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Ship pollution has become a growing concern due to its environmental impact. Various policies have been introduced to tackle this issue, such as the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) implemented by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 1973. The MARPOL limits the number of pollutants that ships can release into the environment and requires ships to reduce their sulfur emissions. For instance, the IMO introduced a sulfur cap of 0.5% in marine fuel that came into effect on January 1, 2020. The European Commission estimates an eventual reduction in sulfur air pollutants by 80% in the Mediterranean. The effectiveness of these policies is analyzed using data from Sentinel-5P and Automatic Identification System (AIS) messages. Data analysis shows a correlation between ship routes and pollution levels over the oceans using data from the past six years. Five-year averages and time lapses of yearly averages from Sentinel-5P are analyzed to further understand temporal correlations between pollution levels and ship tracks. Furthermore, the impact of coastal areas and cities on pollution levels is investigated by studying larger areas. It is found that the assessment of ship pollution using Sentinel-5P has some limitations: while nitrogen dioxide can be monitored effectively offshore, sulfur emissions from ships cannot be detected offshore or distinguished from coastal emissions using Sentinel-5P. This presents a significant challenge in monitoring and enforcing regulations aimed at reducing sulfur emissions from ships, especially in areas such as the Mediterranean Sea, which are highly influenced by coastal regions.

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Ship emission monitoring sensor web for research and application

Cited by 19 publications

References 55 publications

Review on Sensors for Sustainable and Safe Maritime Mobility

Review on Sensors for Sustainable and Safe Maritime Mobility

Impact of Ship Emission Control Area Policies on Port Air Quality—A Case Study of Ningbo Port, China

Monitoring ship emissions using Sentinel-5P and AIS data

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