Ship weather routing: A taxonomy and survey

Zis, Thalis; Psaraftis, Harilaos N.; Ding, Li

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107697

Cited by 129 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In [11], least-time routes in the Atlantic considering both ocean currents and waves were computed, assessing both the regional and seasonal dependence of the EEOI savings with respect to least-distance routes. Finally, Reference [12] addresses the role of ship speed on cost and energy efficiency, while Reference [13] reviews several other works dealing with ship fuel efficiency of routes in relation to marine weather conditions.…”

Section: Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Least-CO2 Ferry Routes in the Adriatic Sea

Mannarini

Carelli

Orović

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Carbon intensity of ship emissions is a cornerstone of contemporary regulatory actions, with measurable targets of reduction being enforced in the coming decade. Short term measures to achieve them include voyage optimization. Therefore, the VISIR ship routing model was upgraded for computing least-CO2 routes depending on ocean analysis products related to waves and sea currents. The speed loss in waves and the CO2 emission rate of a medium size Ro-Pax ship were obtained from a coupled command-bridge engine-room simulator. The geographical and topological features of least-CO2 routes resulting from VISIR were characterised by means of various types of isolines. A case study in the Adriatic Sea leads to bundles of optimal routes with significant spatial diversions even on short-sea routes. The carbon intensity savings were compared to the CO2 savings, highlighting also their dependence on both route lengthening and fractional engine load. For a case study in winter, carbon intensity reductions up to 11% were computed with respect to least-distance routes between the same couple of ports of call. This is promising, as a reduction of this magnitude represents a significant amount of the carbon intensity curbing target required at International level.

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Section: Symbolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Least-CO2 Ferry Routes in the Adriatic Sea

Mannarini

Carelli

Orović

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…Paraftis [14] present the state of the speed model in maritime shipping, and Venturini [15] propose the speed optimization speed under the multi berth problem. Additionally, Zhang [16] and Zis [17] overview the current routing method in the maritime trade supply chain.…”

Section: Speed Control Algorithm In Route Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Speed Control Algorithm Development for Autonomous Vessel Route Planning

Kim

Yun

You

2021

JMSE

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The upcoming autonomous vessel voyage is promising future in the maritime sector. However, so far, the contemporary route decision making technologies rely on human intervention. Therefore, this manuscript proposes the two newly developed speed algorithms: the modified fixed speed control and the wave feed forward speed control in the route decision making procedure for the autonomous vessels. These two algorithms can control the vessel’s speed without human intervention in eco-friendly and economic manner. The first algorithm is the wave feed forward speed control that can predict the speed change according to wave loads and compensate it to reduce the fluctuation of speed, power, and fuel consumption. To develop this algorithm, the real time modeling of the wave added resistance and the wave real time effect on propulsion are analyzed. The efficacy of the developed wave feed forward scheme is validated using the in-house route optimization simulation program through comparisons with the results of conventional speed governor control case. The developed schemes are applied to a 173 K LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) carrier with twin propulsion. The other proposed speed control algorithm is the modified fixed control algorithm. This algorithm improves the conventional fixed power control algorithm by adding a time marching module to satisfy the required time arrival of the voyage. The two proposed methods are analyzed in the various simulations—ideal environmental conditions and real voyage environments: The Pacific and the Atlantic cases. Based on the results, the suggested methods can reduce fuel oil consumption, gas emission, and wear and tear problem of the propulsion devise of ship. In the study, it is clearly demonstrated that the developed wave feed forward speed control and modified fixed power scheme perform much better than the conventional speed governor control case.

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“…Various studies related to voyage optimisation are collected and explored in [9,10]. These studies present methods that optimise a ship's route from port A to port B, and may or may not take speed profile optimisation into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convex Optimisation Model for Ship Speed Profile: Optimisation under Fixed Schedule

Huotari

Manderbacka

Ritari

et al. 2021

JMSE

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We present a novel convex optimisation model for ship speed profile optimisation under varying environmental conditions, with a fixed schedule for the journey. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, a combined speed profile optimisation model was developed that employed an existing dynamic programming approach, along the novel convex optimisation model. The proposed model was tested with 5 different ships for 20 journeys from Houston, Texas to London Gateway, with differing environmental conditions, which were retrieved from actual weather forecasts. As a result, it was shown that the combined model with both dynamic programming and convex optimisation was approximately 22% more effective in developing a fuel saving speed profile compared to dynamic programming alone. Overall, average fuel savings for the studied voyages with speed profile optimisation was approximately 1.1% compared to operation with a fixed speed and 3.5% for voyages where significant variance in environmental conditions was present. Speed profile optimisation was found to be especially beneficial in cases where detrimental environmental conditions could be avoided with minor speed adjustments. Relaxation of the fixed schedule constraint likely leads to larger savings but makes comparison virtually impossible as a lower speed leads to lower propulsion energy needed.

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Ship weather routing: A taxonomy and survey

Cited by 129 publications

References 103 publications

Towards Least-CO2 Ferry Routes in the Adriatic Sea

Towards Least-CO2 Ferry Routes in the Adriatic Sea

Eco-Friendly Speed Control Algorithm Development for Autonomous Vessel Route Planning

Convex Optimisation Model for Ship Speed Profile: Optimisation under Fixed Schedule

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