Shipborne nutrient dynamics and impact on the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea

Raudsepp, Urmas; Maljutenko, Ilja; Kõuts, Mariliis; Granhag, Lena; Wilewska-Bien, Magda; Hassellöv, Ida-Maja; Eriksson, Karl‐Erik; Johansson, Lasse; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Karl, Matthias; Matthias, Volker; Moldanová, Jana

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.264

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Leisure boat emissions, being heavily concentrated on the populated urban areas during the summer months, are rarely usedand most often neglected -in dispersion modelling or other impact assessment modelling work such as marine ecosystem modelling (e.g. Raudsepp et al, 2019). The presented model can be used to produce dynamic emission datasets for selected exhaust pollutants and water contaminants, which could be utilized in the abovementioned studies in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for leisure boat activities and emissions – implementation for the Baltic Sea

Johansson¹,

Ytreberg²,

Jalkanen³

et al. 2020

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Abstract. The activities and emissions from leisure boats at the Baltic Sea have been modelled in a comprehensive approach for the first time, using a new simulation model leisure boat emissions and activities simulator (BEAM). The model utilizes survey data to characterize the national leisure boat fleets. Leisure boats have been categorized based on their size, usage and engine specifications and for these sub-categories emission factors for NOx, PM2.5, CO, NMVOCs and releases of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from anti-fouling paints have been estimated according to literature values. The modelling approach also considers the temporal and spatial distribution of leisure boat activities, which are applied to each simulated leisure boat separately. According to our results the CO and NMVOC emissions from leisure boats, as well as Cu and Zn released from antifouling paints, are significant when compared against the emissions originating from registered commercial shipping in the Baltic Sea. CO emissions equal 70 % of the registered shipping emissions and NMVOC emissions equal 160 % when compared against the modelled results at the Baltic Sea in 2014. Modelled NOx and PM2.5 from the leisure boats are less significant compared to the registered shipping emissions. The emissions from leisure boats are concentrated on the summer months of June, July and August and are released in the vicinity of inhabited coastal areas. Given the large emission estimates for leisure boats, this commonly overlooked source of emissions should be further investigated in greater detail.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for leisure boat activities and emissions – implementation for the Baltic Sea

Johansson¹,

Ytreberg²,

Jalkanen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The long-term goal of this work is to (c) facilitate consecutive studies concerning air and water pollution, contaminants, and nutrients from ships to understand the contribution of ships in relation to other environmental stressors. Some of the recent work is already available for air and noise emissions (Jalkanen et al, 2018;Karasalo et al, 2017;Karl et al, 2019a;Raudsepp et al, 2019;Wilewska-bien et al, 2019), and regular annual reporting of discharges has been started together with the Baltic Sea countries. These efforts aim to (d) provide scientific background for future regulation or significant change in the existing conventions concerning shipping in the Baltic Sea region.…”

Section: Aimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of discharges from Baltic Sea shipping

et al. 2021

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Abstract. This paper describes the new developments of the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) which enable the modelling of pollutant discharges to water from ships. These include nutrients from black/grey water discharges as well as from food waste. Further, the modelling of contaminants in ballast, black, grey and scrubber water, bilge discharges, and stern tube oil leaks are also described as well as releases of contaminants from antifouling paints. Each of the discharges is regulated by different sections of the IMO MARPOL convention, and emission patterns of different pollution releases vary significantly. The discharge patterns and total amounts for the year 2012 in the Baltic Sea area are reported and open-loop SOx scrubbing effluent was found to be the second-largest pollutant stream by volume. The scrubber discharges have increased significantly in recent years, and their environmental impacts need to be investigated in detail.

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“…The reduction of air emissions has been primarily motivated by impacts on human health (Sofiev et al, 2018;Jonson et al, 2015;Brandt et al, 2013;Mwase et al, 2020;Lin et al, 2018;Karl et al, 2019;Ramacher et al, 2019;Soares et al, 2014). Ship-emitted NOx depositions contribute to eutrophication with less than 10% of various biogeochemical variables, but this share is three to eight times larger than shipping contribution to total nitrogen input to the Baltic Sea (Raudsepp et al, 2013;Raudsepp et al, 2019). 1895 Sulphur emissions from shipping fuels (crude oil) are a particular problem for the environment and human health (Barregard et al, 2019).…”

Section: Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

Reckermann

Omstedt

Soomere

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are stongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affects the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. We conclude that a sound management and regulation of human activities must be implemented in order to use and keep the environments and ecosystems of the Baltic Sea region sustainably in a good shape. This must balance the human needs, which exert tremendous pressures on the systems, as humans are the overwhelming driving force for almost all changes we see. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.

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Shipborne nutrient dynamics and impact on the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea

Cited by 34 publications

References 115 publications

Model for leisure boat activities and emissions – implementation for the Baltic Sea

Model for leisure boat activities and emissions – implementation for the Baltic Sea

Modelling of discharges from Baltic Sea shipping

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

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