Ships, ports and particulate air pollution - an analysis of recent studies

Mueller, Daniel; Uibel, Stefanie; Takemura, Masaya; Klingelhoefer, Doris; Groneberg, David A.

doi:10.1186/1745-6673-6-31

Cited by 98 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…(Normalized cloud heights of 0 and 1 correspond to cloud base and top, respectively.) At fixed altitude and LWC, cloud water pH decreased as concentrations of two ship tracers, vanadium (V) and nitrate (Viana et al, 2009;Mueller et al, 2011), increased. The lowest pH values coincide with the "Ship 1" air type category (4.14 AE 0.51), which included samples concentrated south of San Francisco where there is extensive ship traffic ( Table 2).…”

Section: Cloud Water Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of emissions from shipping, land, and the ocean on stratocumulus cloud water elemental composition during the 2011 E-PEACE field campaign

Wang

Sorooshian

Prabhakar

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Section: Cloud Water Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of emissions from shipping, land, and the ocean on stratocumulus cloud water elemental composition during the 2011 E-PEACE field campaign

Wang

Sorooshian

Prabhakar

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Moreover, ship emissions are reported as UFP sources in coastal cities where important harbours are located (Gonza´lez et al, 2011;Mueller et al, 2011). Besides primary emissions, UFP can originate from secondary formation in the atmosphere through nucleation of gaseous precursors (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of local sources on aerosol particle number size distribution, concentrations and fluxes in Helsinki, Finland

Ripamonti

Järvi

Mølgaard

et al. 2013

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C T Three years of aerosol particle number concentrations (PNCs), size distributions and vertical particle fluxes measured at the semi-urban SMEAR III station in Helsinki, Finland, were studied. The purpose is to study the local emission sources and their effect on particle concentrations and size distributions. By means of cluster analysis, six representative size distributions were identified. Their occurrence together with particle concentrations and fluxes were found to vary significantly with wind direction. Lower particle concentrations and fluxes were measured downwind from vegetated and residential areas compared to directions where the measurement site is downwind from roads passing near the measurement site. For these directions, contributions of the local sources on the measured particle concentrations and size distributions were evident. In particular, size distributions with a mode in the size range 20Á40 nm were found to be more affected by local traffic emissions, whereas the mode shifted towards larger sizes when contribution from distant sources was more evident. Using flux footprint functions, mixed vehicle fleet emission factors (EFs) were derived from the particle flux measurements. EFs of 6.03 (90.19

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“…For the second factor, characteristic values for V and Ni are the highest, which are tracers of heavy oil combustion [65]. Apart from oil-fired power plants and industries, ship emissions may be a prominent source of such combustion in Shenzhen [66]. Also, the second factor has prominent values for NH 4 + and SO 4 2´, indicating the presence of secondary inorganic aerosols [67].…”

Section: Source Identification Using Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pollution Controls on Atmospheric PM2.5 Composition during Universiade in Shenzhen, China

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The 16th Universiade, an international multi-sport event, was hosted in Shenzhen, China from 12 to 23 August 2011. During this time, officials instituted the Pearl River Delta action plan in order to enhance the air quality of Shenzhen. To determine the effect of these controls, the current study examined the trace elements, water-soluble ions, and stable lead isotopic ratios in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) collected during the controlled (when the restrictions were in place) and uncontrolled periods. Fine particles (PM 2.5 ) were collected at two sampling sites in Shenzhen: "LG"-a residential building in the Longgang District, with significant point sources around it and "PU"-Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School in the Nanshan District, with no significant point sources. Results from this study showed a significant increase in the concentrations of elements during the uncontrolled periods. For instance, samples at the LG site showed (controlled to uncontrolled periods) concentrations (in ng¨m´3) of: Fe (152 to 290), As (3.65 to 8.38), Pb (9.52 to 70.8), and Zn (98.6 to 286). Similarly, samples at the PU site showed elemental concentrations (in ng¨m´3) of: Fe (114 to 301), As (0.634 to 8.36), Pb (4.86 to 58.1), and Zn (29.5 to 259). Soluble Fe ranged from 7%-15% for the total measured Fe, indicating an urban source of Fe. Ambient PM 2.5 collected at the PU site has an average 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio of 18.257 and 18.260 during controlled and uncontrolled periods, respectively. The LG site has an average 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio of 18.183 and 18.030 during controlled and uncontrolled periods, respectively. The 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios at the PU and the LG sites during the controlled and uncontrolled periods were similar, indicating a common Pb source. To characterize the sources of trace elements, principal component analysis was applied to the elements and ions. Although the relative importance of each component varied, the major sources for both sites were identified as residual oil combustion, secondary inorganic aerosols, sea spray, and combustion. The PM 2.5 levels were severely decreased during the controlled period, but it is unclear if this was a result of the controls or change in meteorology.

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Ships, ports and particulate air pollution - an analysis of recent studies

Cited by 98 publications

References 39 publications

Impact of emissions from shipping, land, and the ocean on stratocumulus cloud water elemental composition during the 2011 E-PEACE field campaign

Impact of emissions from shipping, land, and the ocean on stratocumulus cloud water elemental composition during the 2011 E-PEACE field campaign

The effect of local sources on aerosol particle number size distribution, concentrations and fluxes in Helsinki, Finland

Effect of Pollution Controls on Atmospheric PM2.5 Composition during Universiade in Shenzhen, China

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