Shock Initiation Experiments on the HMX Based Explosive Lx-10 With Associated Ignition and Growth Modeling

Vandersall, Kevin S.; Tarver, Craig M.; Garcia, Frank; Urtiew, P. A.; Chidester, Steven K.

doi:10.1063/1.2832886

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…PBX 9501 is known to be a 'safer' formulation of HMX because of the high compliance of the binder composition as compared to similar formulations without plasticisers. [32][33][34] What these results may imply is that it is not simply the compliance of the binder that matters; rather, it is the combination of compliance transferring load to crystal-crystal contacts and the prompt delamination of the binder that prevents the transfer of shear stresses to the crystals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation of explosive polymer composites to simulate deformation and failure

Yeager

Ramos

Singh

et al. 2012

Materials Science and Technology

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Crack initiation and propagation is a common concern for molecular composites such as plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) and pharmaceutical tablets. Under compressive stresses, cracks form at contacts between crystals and propagate along crystal-binder interfaces, causing composite failure. To investigate this process, crystal-binder interfaces have been characterised and their mechanical properties tested. Here, samples were created with interfaces representative of those in PBXs and characterised with surface energy measurements and neutron reflectometry (NR). Nanoindentation was performed to simulate the deformation and cracking that occurs at crystal–crystal contacts through the binder. NR revealed that use of a plasticiser disrupts typical crystal–binder intermixing and results in a mechanically weaker interface. During nanoindentation, a plasticised binder was observed by atomic force microscopy to delaminate around indentation impressions, whereas a non-plasticised binder did not. Differences in interfacial adhesion and incompatible strain, dictated by the elastic–plastic film compliances, were used to explain the contrasting delamination behaviours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation of explosive polymer composites to simulate deformation and failure

Yeager

Ramos

Singh

et al. 2012

Materials Science and Technology

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“…Previous LX-10 reactive flow modeling data (as shown in Table 2) has been reported for: Steven tests [1]; very low shock pressure initiation [7]; low shock pressure, long duration experiments [3,8]; and high shock pressure, very short duration shock initiation [9] tests. The Steven Test [1] and low shock pressure initiation calculations [7] used the parameters listed in Table 2 with different ignition terms: Steven test modeling [1] used an Ignition constant I=1000 μs -1 , while low shock pressure modeling [7] used a different compression power law exponent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low velocity impact experiments on the explosive LX-10 with modeling of reaction violence

Chidester¹,

Garcia²,

Vandersall³

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract.A new gas gun capability designed for the velocity range of ~20-400 m/s was used to study the mechanisms of low-velocity impact ignition and reaction violence of explosive targets in safety studies. Hemispherical charges of the HMX-based explosive LX-10 (95% HMX, 5% Viton binder) assembled in a polycarbonate target ring were impacted by a 6.35 mm diameter hardened steel rod protruding from a projectile at velocities ranging from 36 to 374 m/s. Digital high-speed (Phantom v12) cameras were utilized to capture the times of first ignition and a Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) probe placed at the rear of the target was used to measure the free surface velocity histories of an aluminum foil on the LX-10 surface to quantify the resulting reaction violence. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model for LX-10 was used to compare the relative violence of these reactions to the intentional detonation of an equivalent LX-10 charge. It was found that comparing the model results to that of the experiment using this impactor geometry within the tested velocity range, the reaction violence increased with velocity from 45-374 m/s and only a small fraction of material appears to react during the impact.

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“…In the experimental study of shock initiation, piezoresistive pressure gauges are usually used to measure pressure histories during shock evolution into detonation. For instance, the shock sensitivity of LX-10 (HMX/ Viton/95/5) was tested by Vandersall et al [1]. A 101-mm diameter propellant-driven gas gun at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was used to initiate the explosive sample that comprised manganin piezoresistive pressure gauges, and the pressure histories of shock into detonation of LX-10 were measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Initiation of the Triaminotrinitrobenzene‐Based Explosive JBO‐9021 Measured with a Photon Doppler Velocimeter

Zhang

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) is an important insensitive high explosive because of its low shock sensitivity and high energy. The evolution of shock into the detonation of TATB requires academic attention and research. A multi-points laser interferometer termed a photon Doppler velocimeter and a rotating mirror streak camera were used to study the shock initiation of detonation in a pressed solid explosive formulation, JBO-9021, which contained 85 wt.% TATB, 10 wt.% HMX and 5 wt.% Kel-F binder. In conventional experiments, the test explosive was assembled by using several columniform explosives with different external diameters. A new device was designed to solve complex problems. This device comprised a wedgeshaped explosive sample and a transparent window, and by using this device, the particle-velocity histories of eight shock positions and the shockwave velocity could be obtained. A series of shock-initiation experiments on high explosive JBO-9021 was performed, and the explosive samples were initiated at different intensity input shocks by an explosive-driven attenuator. The photon Doppler velocimeter was used to detail the growth from an input shock to detonation, and the increase in particle velocity in unreacted JBO-9021 was also obtained in low-intensity shockinitiation experiments. The shock velocity was measured with a rotating mirror streak camera in one experiment. Hugoniot data for JBO-9021 in the form of a shock velocity versus a particle velocity and the initial shock pressure versus a distance-to-detonation relationship (Pop-plot) were obtained. Based on the experimental results, the shock-sensitivity characteristic of JBO-9021 was described.

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Shock Initiation Experiments on the HMX Based Explosive Lx-10 With Associated Ignition and Growth Modeling

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Nanoindentation of explosive polymer composites to simulate deformation and failure

Nanoindentation of explosive polymer composites to simulate deformation and failure

Low velocity impact experiments on the explosive LX-10 with modeling of reaction violence

Shock Initiation of the Triaminotrinitrobenzene‐Based Explosive JBO‐9021 Measured with a Photon Doppler Velocimeter

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