Shock waves in boiling liquids

Nakoryakov, V. E.; Покусаев, Б. Г.; Прибатурин, Н. А.; Shreĭber, I. R.

doi:10.1016/0735-1933(84)90030-7

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Instead of trying to measure sound velocity with the usual methods as in our previous experiments, we study the low-frequency resonance of the diphasic medium contained in a Helmholtz resonator, as a function of the vapor volume fraction. We show that the predictions of effective-medium theory are in error at low frequency, whereas a recent theoretical model taking into account liquid-vapor transition [5,6] is in agreement with our experimental results.The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1(a).…”

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confidence: 85%

“…In the frequency range of our measurements, much smaller than the resonance frequency of the bubbles (roughly 4 kHz for 1 mm radius), and large compared to the inverse of the temperature diffusion time scale, r/-/?o/Z)/, where /)/ is the heat diffusivity in the liquid, the dispersion relation that takes into account liquid-vapor transfers is [5,6] 1/2 k = 0) Ceff 1 + m (2*>r,) ,/2 (1+0 (1) where m is a parameter depending on the thermal properties of the liquid (m=118 for our experiments). c e ff is the sound velocity predicted by effective-medium theory; it depends on the volumic fraction of gas <t> = V g l (Vg+Vi),…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…vapor transfers [5]. We have used in both cases the expression of the complex propagation constant, k/co, where k is the complex wave number and co the pulsation, to compute the acoustical behavior of the liquid-vapor diphasic medium in our standing-wave apparatus [7].…”

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Acoustic resonances in a liquid with vapor bubbles: Effect of liquid-vapor transition on sound velocity and attenuation

1992

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We present an experimental study of resonance frequencies of a diphasic medium that consists of diethyl ether containing vapor bubbles. We show that the liquid-vapor transfers affect the sound velocity and attenuation so that the usual liquid-gas effective-medium theory is in error at low frequency. The measurements of resonance frequency and attenuation can be used to estimate the vapor volume fraction and the bubble diameter. At high sound amplitude the shape of the resonance curve shows nonlinear effects, and acoustic bistability is observed.PACS numbers: 43.30.+m, 47.55.Kf The sound velocity in a liquid containing gas bubbles has been measured for a long time and is generally much smaller than the velocities in the homogeneous liquid or gaseous phases. In the long-wavelength limit, this is well described by effective-medium theory where the diphasic medium is modeled as a homogeneous one with average density and compressibility [1,2]. Thus, being nearly as dense as the liquid and as compressible as the gaseous phase, the diphasic medium has a smaller sound velocity than those of its two constitutive homogeneous phases. However, another effect should be taken into account when the diphasic medium consists of vapor bubbles coexisting with the liquid phase; assuming thermodynamic equilibrium, the liquid-vapor transition is shown to increase the effective compressibility of the medium, thus strongly decreasing the sound velocity [3], We have shown experimentally that even at rather low frequency this mechanism does not affect sound velocity because of the frequency cutoff corresponding to the characteristic diffusion time of latent heat over a typical bubble size [4]. We report here measurements performed at small enough frequency to detect the contribution of the liquid-vapor transition to the slowing down of sound velocity in diethyl ether with vapor bubbles. Instead of trying to measure sound velocity with the usual methods as in our previous experiments, we study the low-frequency resonance of the diphasic medium contained in a Helmholtz resonator, as a function of the vapor volume fraction. We show that the predictions of effective-medium theory are in error at low frequency, whereas a recent theoretical model taking into account liquid-vapor transition [5,6] is in agreement with our experimental results.The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1(a). It consists of two coaxial glass tubes of length 2 m, the outer one being 32 mm in diameter and the inner one 20 mm; the inner tube is terminated by a cylindrical container, approximately 5 1 in volume (150 mm in diameter, 295 mm in height), that acts as a Helmholtz resonator. It contains the working fluid which is diethyl ether. Vapor bubbles are generated in the lower part of the inner tube with the help of four resistive wires, 50 cm long, of total resistance 11 O, heated by a stabilized dc current in the range 0-4 A. Bubbles appear on the wires above a critical heating current, and then rise in the liquid. The temperature of the upper part of the tube is m...

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Acoustic resonances in a liquid with vapor bubbles: Effect of liquid-vapor transition on sound velocity and attenuation

1992

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“…ITL will develop such data. Also, a very useful information on this subject is available in published papers [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, local film boiling processes are investigated not deeply and widely enough.…”

Section: Reports On Research Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Batch Intensive Quenching Processes When Using Hydrodynamic Emitters in Quench Tanks

Kobasko¹

2016

EUREKA: Physics and Engineering

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The paper discusses patented in Ukraine a new intensive quenching IQ–2 technology based on film boiling resonance effect [1]. Namely, the paper discusses improving of the batch intensive quenching (IQ) process known as IQ-2 method by the use of hydrodynamic emitters installed in quench tanks. The hydrodynamic emitters produce oscillating waves in the quench media with the frequency of the film boiling process creating a resonance effect. Two- and three-step IQ-2 processes are considered. Specifics of the heat transfer during the IQ-2 process are presented with focusing on the first stage of quenching where film and nucleate boiling processes are taking place. Examples of production IQ-2 equipment and loads processed are also presented. Application of hydrodynamic emitters in the IQ water tanks in addition to currently used propellers is considered in details. It is shown that the proposed new method can fully eliminate the film boiling process resulting in significant reduction of part distortion during quenching. Further evaluation of the proposed method is needed for its implementation in heat treating practice.

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“…The propagation of small disturbances in single-component, liquid-vapor bubble systems has been investigated in several papers, which are discussed in survey [4]. We should like to mention papers [5,6] from among those not considered in [4].…”

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Acoustics of boiling solutions

Нигматулин¹,

Khabeev²,

Shagapov³

1989

Journal of Engineering Physics

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The possibility of an anomalous effect of the component composition on disturbance propagation in boiling solutions has been established. A criterion defining the cases in which the monotonic behavior of binary systems with respect to concentration is disturbed during sound propagation in them has been derived.i. Fundamental Equations. The dynamics of bubbles in a liquid depends on the thermal conductivity and diffusion in the gaseous and the liquid phases and the inertia of the liquid as it moves around a bubble [1]. During the growth of vapor bubbles in superheated liquids, the inertia of the liquid hardly affects the process, which is determined only by the thermal conductivity and diffusion, which applies only to the liquid phase. This is connected with the fact that, in boiling liquids (in contrast to bubbles in cold liquids), equalization of the concentration of components and of the temperature occurs much faster within bubbles than in the liquid, and, therefore, the temperature and the concentrations of components within a bubble can be assumed to be uniform, always satisfying the equilibrium conditions, but changing in time. The theoretical basis for analyzing such a process is provided by Scriven's self-similar solution [2]. A survey of papers dealing with this problem is given in [i].Under shock action on a solution where bubbles exist already or may develop, the behavior of bubbles in the liquid depends on the thermal, diffusion, and also inertial factors. A suitable formulation was presented and developed in [3]. The propagation of small disturbances in single-component, liquid-vapor bubble systems has been investigated in several papers, which are discussed in survey [4]. We should like to mention papers [5, 6] from among those not considered in [4].We have investigated the propagation of acoustic disturbances in binary vapor-liquid bubble media.Assume there is a binary liquid mixture containing spherical vapor bubbles of equal radius. One-velocity flow is contemplated. Then, in order to take into account the interphase heat and mass exchange, we use theequations of thermal conductivity and binary diffusion, written with an allowance for spherical symmetry within and around a sample bubble, and also a system of boundary conditions for these equations [4].The system of macroscopic equations of phase mass conservation and of numerical concentration of bubbles for plane unidimensional motion in the linear approximation is given by The subscripts i = i, 2 pertain to the liquid and vapor parameters, Oi, Pi ~ , ~i, v, n, and a are the density averaged with respect to the mixture, the density averaged with respect to phase, the volumetric phase percentage, the velocity, the number of bubbles per unit volume of the mixture, and the bubble radius, respectively; J and j are the phase transition intensities, reduced to unit volume of the mixture and unit surface area of the interface, respectively. The parameters pertaining to the unperturbed state have the additional subscript 0.

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Shock waves in boiling liquids

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Acoustic resonances in a liquid with vapor bubbles: Effect of liquid-vapor transition on sound velocity and attenuation

Acoustic resonances in a liquid with vapor bubbles: Effect of liquid-vapor transition on sound velocity and attenuation

Investigation of Batch Intensive Quenching Processes When Using Hydrodynamic Emitters in Quench Tanks

Acoustics of boiling solutions

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