Shoot Blight and Collar Rot of<i>Pinus resinosa</i>Caused by<i>Sphaeropsis sapinea</i>in Forest Tree Nurseries

Palmer, Marguerita A.; Nicholls, Thomas H.

doi:10.1094/pd-69-739

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Symptoms, if present, were similar on all hosts to those previously described for young red pine seedlings affected by Sphaeropsis shoot blight (PALMER and NICHOLLS 1985). Foliage and stems became olive-green to grey to brown as shoots died.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Pathogenicity of A and B morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea confirmed on American larch (tamarack) and European larch

Stanosz

Smith

Guthmiller

1997

European Journal of Forest Pathology

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Fungi identified as Sphaeropsis sapinea (or synonyms) have been reported from Larix. Lack of pathogenicity tests, confusion about the identity of isolates mentioned in previous literature, and existence of distinct populations (A and B morphotypes) of the pathogen indicated the need to evaluate the ability of S. sapinea to cause disease of larch. Elongating shoot tips of Larix decidua, Larix laridna, and known hosts of the pathogen, Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa, were inoculated with water-agar plugs colonized with an A or a B isolate, or sterile plugs (controls). Each of five replications included five seedlings for each treatment-species combination. After 6 weeks, no symptoms had developed on control seedlings, but two-way analyses of variance revealed significant effects of isolate morphotype and host on both incidence and severity of disease (values of p ^ 0.01). The A isolate killed almost all shoot tips, but the B isolate killed from no P. resinosa shoots to 56% of I. laricina shoots. The average length of shoot killed by the A isolate was also greater than that killed by the B isolate. Response to the B isolate again varied among species, with greater average lengths of shoot killed on the larches (compared with the pines). Both A and B morphotypes of S. sapinea should be considered among the fungi encountered on L. decidua and L. laricina.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Pathogenicity of A and B morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea confirmed on American larch (tamarack) and European larch

Stanosz

Smith

Guthmiller

1997

European Journal of Forest Pathology

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“…First described in 1909 as a pathogen in South African pine plantations, (Nichols and Ostry, 1990;Palmer, 1991;Palmer et al, 1985;USDA Forestry Service, 2005), Diplodia pinea has also been reported on a myriad of pine species throughout the world (Punithalingam and waterson, 1970). The pathogen previously has also been reported from Africa, North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, in central North Island of New Zealand on young radiata pine (Minko and Mark, 1973;Chou, 1974), from south Africa on P. elliottii and P. taeda trees (Wingfield and Knox-Davies, 1980,) from Netherlands in 1982 (Dam et al, 1984) and again in 1985 (Kam and Van Dam, 1987) on Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris, from Black Hills of South Dakota on ponderosa pine (Johnson et al,1985), from north-central United States on P. resinosa seedlings (Palmer et al, 1986), from USA Peterson (1977), on both pine plantation and nurseries, from South Africa on pine plantation (Zwolinski et al, 1990), from United States in 1976 on Pinus resinosa (Nicholls and Ostry, 1990), from England on nursery seedlings and South Africa on pine trees (Swart and Wingfield, 1991), from Israel on Aleppo pine (Madar et al, 1996), from NW Tunisia in the region of Djebel Khroufa near Tabarka, and in the reserve of Aïn Zena near Aïn Draham, respectively on P. pinaster and P. radiata (Linaldeddu et al,2008), from Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi on Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) (Stanosz et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palmer and Nicholls (1985) have opined that Sphaeropsis sapinea (syn. D. pinea) is responsible for curling, stunting and death of blighted shoots of Pinus resinosa in early June in forest nurseries which is in conformity with our observations.…”

Section: Morphological Characters Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Diplodia pinea [(Desmaz.) J. Kick x fil] on Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana Jackson) from Asia

Bhat¹,

Beig²,

Dar³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Dietr., Pseudotsuga Carriere and Thuja L. (Sinclair & Lyon 1987;Swart et al 1987;Chou & MacKenzie 1988;Nicholls & Ostry 1990;Stanosz et al 2001; Wingfield & Knox-Davies 1980;Palmer & Nicholls 1985;Rees & Webber 1988;Stanosz & Cummings-Carlson 1996). Although D. pinea has been already reported in Turkey (Günay 2001), little is known about the development of the disease in Turkish forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genetic similarity of Diplodia pinea on shoots and cones in seed orchards of Pinus spp. in north-western Turkey

et al. 2014

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Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi H.T., Kaya A.G.A., Lehtijärvi A., Oskay F., Kaya Ö.D. (2014): Occurrence and genetic similarity of Diplodia pinea on shoots and cones in seed orchards of Pinus spp. in north-western Turkey. Plant Protec Sci., 50: 217-220.Diplodia shoot blight disease can cause significant damage on coniferous trees and be particularly injurious to cones, which reduces the amount of seed production and germination. We investigated the disease severity and genetic variation of Diplodia pinea in one Pinus nigra and two P. sylvestris seed orchards. Disease surveys were carried out in İzmit (Marmara region, Turkey) in May 2012. Symptomatic shoots and cones were examined for the presence of pycnidia. Cultural and morphological characteristics of the isolates were studied using cultures grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Based on morphological characteristics and results using species specific primers, the pycnidia on shoots and cones were identified as D. pinea. In addition, Random Amplified Microsatellite Sequence (RAMS) analyses indicated that there was a single genet of D. pinea which caused the disease in the seed orchards. All of the 60 sampled trees were found to be infected by the fungus. There were differences in disease severity among the stands.Keywords: diplodia shoot blight; pine; RAMS; disease severity Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx is a latent, opportunistic conifer pathogen which causes the disease commonly known as Diplodia shoot blight (Eldridge 1961;Swart & Wingfield 1991;Stanosz et al. 1997). The fungus affects both young and old trees causing shoot blight, dead top, sap stain, root disease, and cankers on stems and branches (Brookhouser & Peterson 1971;Peterson 1977).It mostly attacks Pinus species but also Abies Mill., Chamaecyparis Spach., Cupressus L., Larix Mill., Picea A. Dietr., Pseudotsuga Carriere and Thuja L. (Sinclair & Lyon 1987;Swart et al. 1987;Chou & MacKenzie 1988;Nicholls & Ostry 1990;Stanosz et al. 2001; Wingfield & Knox-Davies 1980;Palmer & Nicholls 1985;Rees & Webber 1988;Stanosz & Cummings-Carlson 1996). Although D. pinea has been already reported in Turkey (Günay 2001), little is known about the development of the disease in Turkish forests. Some of the most severe damages have occurred in southern Turkey. The pathogen was noted on dead twigs and canker samples of P. elderica and P. brutia in Kahramanmaraş in 2005. Several years later it was found on Pseudotsuga menziesii in İzmit province (Kaya et al. 2014). Studies carried out in the western part of the Taurus Mts. in Isparta province, located in the Mediterranean part of Turkey, showed that D. pinea was the most common cause of the shoot blight of P. brutia Ten. (Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi et al. 2007).In 2013, we investigated one P. nigra and two P. sylvestris seed orchards infested by D. pinea in Presented at the IUFRO Meeting "Biosecurity in Naturals Forests, Stands and Plantations, Genomics and Biotechnology for Biosecurity in Forestry", Brno and Cerna Hora, Czech Republic, May 20-25, 2013. 218 Vol. 50, 2014, No. 4: ...

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Shoot Blight and Collar Rot ofPinus resinosaCaused bySphaeropsis sapineain Forest Tree Nurseries

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Pathogenicity of A and B morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea confirmed on American larch (tamarack) and European larch

Pathogenicity of A and B morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea confirmed on American larch (tamarack) and European larch

First Report of Diplodia pinea [(Desmaz.) J. Kick x fil] on Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana Jackson) from Asia

Occurrence and genetic similarity of Diplodia pinea on shoots and cones in seed orchards of Pinus spp. in north-western Turkey

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